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      Productivity gains and greenhouse gas emissions intensity in dairy systems

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      Livestock Science
      Elsevier BV

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          The environmental impact of dairy production: 1944 compared with 2007.

          A common perception is that pasture-based, low-input dairy systems characteristic of the 1940s were more conducive to environmental stewardship than modern milk production systems. The objective of this study was to compare the environmental impact of modern (2007) US dairy production with historical production practices as exemplified by the US dairy system in 1944. A deterministic model based on the metabolism and nutrient requirements of the dairy herd was used to estimate resource inputs and waste outputs per billion kg of milk. Both the modern and historical production systems were modeled using characteristic management practices, herd population dynamics, and production data from US dairy farms. Modern dairy practices require considerably fewer resources than dairying in 1944 with 21% of animals, 23% of feedstuffs, 35% of the water, and only 10% of the land required to produce the same 1 billion kg of milk. Waste outputs were similarly reduced, with modern dairy systems producing 24% of the manure, 43% of CH(4), and 56% of N(2)O per billion kg of milk compared with equivalent milk from historical dairying. The carbon footprint per billion kilograms of milk produced in 2007 was 37% of equivalent milk production in 1944. To fulfill the increasing requirements of the US population for dairy products, it is essential to adopt management practices and technologies that improve productive efficiency, allowing milk production to be increased while reducing resource use and mitigating environmental impact.
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            Life cycle assessment of conventional and organic milk production in the Netherlands

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              Life cycle assessment of milk production — a comparison of conventional and organic farming

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Livestock Science
                Livestock Science
                Elsevier BV
                18711413
                July 2011
                July 2011
                : 139
                : 1-2
                : 100-108
                Article
                10.1016/j.livsci.2011.03.012
                768d27d1-6839-46b3-a00a-d5f0d18cd157
                © 2011

                http://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/

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