Entomological studies of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in relation to cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission in Al Rabta, North West of Libya
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Abstract
Al Rabta in the North-West of Libya is a rural area where cutaneous leishmaniasis
(CL) is endemic for long time. Few reports are available on sand flies in this area
which is an important focus of CL. Therefore, this study aimed at updating the species
composition, and monthly fluctuation of sand flies in this area. Sand flies were biweekly
collected by CDC light traps from June to November 2012 and April to November 2013
in two villages, Al Rabta East (RE) and Al Rabta West (RW). Nine species (6 Phlebotomus
and 3 Sergentomyia) were reported in the two villages. A total of 5605 and 5446 flies
were collected of which Phlebotomus represented 59.30 and 56.63% in RE and RW, respectively.
Sergentomyia minuta and Phlebotomus papatasi were the abundant species. Generally,
more males were collected than females for all species. The overall ratios (males:
females) for most of species were not deviated from the expected 1:1 ratio (Chi-squared,
P>0.05). Sand fly abundance (fly/trap) is directly related to the temperature and
RH (P<0. 01) while it inversely related to wind velocity (P>0.05). Flies were active
from April to November with increased activity from June to October. Prominent peaks
were in September and June. The abundance of P. papatasi and Phlebotomus sergenti,
vectors of CL (August-October) coincided with the reported higher numbers of CL cases
(August- November). The obtained results could be important for the successful planning
and implementation of leishmaniasis control programs.