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      Ionic liquid-assisted formation of cellulose/calcium phosphate hybrid materials

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          Cellulose/calcium phosphate hybrid materials were synthesized via an ionic liquid-assisted route. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis show that, depending on the reaction conditions, cellulose/hydroxyapatite, cellulose/chlorapatite, or cellulose/monetite composites form. Preliminary studies with MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts show that the cells proliferate on the hybrid materials suggesting that the ionic liquid-based process yields materials that are potentially useful as scaffolds for regenerative therapies.

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          A review of chitin and chitosan applications

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            Applications of ionic liquids in the chemical industry.

            In contrast to a recently expressed, and widely cited, view that "Ionic liquids are starting to leave academic labs and find their way into a wide variety of industrial applications", we demonstrate in this critical review that there have been parallel and collaborative exchanges between academic research and industrial developments since the materials were first reported in 1914 (148 references).
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              Mesocrystals: inorganic superstructures made by highly parallel crystallization and controlled alignment.

              Controlled self-organization of nanoparticles can lead to new materials. The colloidal crystallization of non-spherical nanocrystals is a reaction channel in many crystallization reactions. With additives, self-organization can be stopped at an intermediary step-a mesocrystal-in which the primary units can still be identified. Mesocrystals were observed for various systems as kinetically metastable species or as intermediates in a crystallization reaction leading to single crystals with typical defects and inclusions. The control forces and mechanism of mesocrystal formation are largely unknown, but several mesocrystal properties are known. Mesocrystals are exiting examples of nonclassical crystallization, which does not proceed through ion-by-ion attachment, but by a modular nanobuilding-block route. This path makes crystallization more independent of ion products or molecular solubility, it occurs without pH or osmotic pressure changes, and opens new strategies for crystal morphogenesis.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Guest Editor
                Role: Guest Editor
                Journal
                Beilstein J Nanotechnol
                Beilstein J Nanotechnol
                Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology
                Beilstein-Institut (Trakehner Str. 7-9, 60487 Frankfurt am Main, Germany )
                2190-4286
                2014
                16 September 2014
                : 5
                : 1553-1568
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
                [2 ]Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Center, El-Tahrir Street, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
                [3 ]Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
                Article
                10.3762/bjnano.5.167
                4168887
                25247137
                76a030c1-3d76-4d89-9d71-b16cd45f7a6f
                Copyright © 2014, Salama et al; licensee Beilstein-Institut.

                This is an Open Access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                The license is subject to the Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology terms and conditions: ( http://www.beilstein-journals.org/bjnano)

                History
                : 2 June 2014
                : 12 August 2014
                Categories
                Full Research Paper
                Nanoscience
                Nanotechnology

                biomineralization,calcium phosphate,carbohydrates,cellulose,hybrid materials,ionic liquid

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