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      Effect of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Therapy on Prostate Volume and Vascularity in the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Pilot Study in a Canine Model

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          Abstract

          BACKGROUND

          Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a result of urogenital aging. Recent studies suggest that an age-related impairment of the blood supply to the lower urinary tract plays a role in the development of BPH and thus may be a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of BPH. The canine prostate is a model for understanding abnormal growth of the human prostate gland. We studied the efficacy of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMF) in dogs to modify prostate blood flow and evaluated its effect on BPH.

          METHODS

          PEMF (5 min, twice a day for 3 weeks) was performed on 20 dogs affected by BPH. Prostatic volume, Doppler assessment by ultrasonography, libido, semen quality, testosterone levels, and seminal plasma volume, composition and pH were evaluated before and after treatment.

          RESULTS

          The 3 weeks of PEMF produced a significant reduction in prostatic volume (average 57%) without any interference with semen quality, testosterone levels or libido. Doppler parameters showed a reduction of peripheral resistances and a progressive reduction throughout the trial of the systolic peak velocity, end-diastolic velocity, mean velocity, mean, and peak gradient of the blood flow in the dorsal branch of the prostatic artery. The pulsatility index and the resistance index did not vary significantly over time.

          CONCLUSIONS

          The efficacy of PEMF on BPH in dogs, with no side effects, suggests the suitability of this treatment in humans and supports the hypothesis that impairment of blood supply to the lower urinary tract may be a causative factor in the development of BPH. Prostate 74:1132–1141, 2014. © 2014 The Authors. The Prostate published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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          Most cited references63

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          Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: Epidemiology and Risk Factors

          J. Parsons (2010)
          The epidemiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) has evolved considerably during the past several years. The term LUTS describes a distinct phenotype and allows for a broad epidemiologic description of urinary symptoms at a population level. Although it is becoming the preferred term for studying urinary symptoms in populations, LUTS remains interconnected with BPH in the literature. The incidence and prevalence of BPH and LUTS are increasing rapidly as the US population ages. BPH and LUTS are associated with serious medical morbidities, an increased risk of falls, depression, diminished health-related quality of life, and billions of dollars in annual health care costs. Although age and genetics play important roles in the etiology of BPH and LUTS, recent insights at the population level have revealed that modifiable risk factors are likely key components as well. Serum dihydrotestosterone, obesity, elevated fasting glucose, diabetes, fat and red meat intake, and inflammation increase the risk; vegetables, regular alcohol consumption, exercise, and NSAIDs decrease the risk.
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            Canine prostatic disease: a review of anatomy, pathology, diagnosis, and treatment.

            J. Smith (2008)
            Disease conditions affecting the canine prostate gland are encountered frequently in small animal practice. The most common conditions affecting the canine prostate include benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatitis, prostatic cysts, and prostatic neoplasia. Clinical signs associated with each of these conditions often overlap; therefore, it is important to reach a definitive diagnosis prior to initiating treatment. This paper reviews the diseases associated with the prostate gland of the dog, their diagnosis, as well as current treatment options for management of these conditions. Emphasis is placed on proper diagnostic sampling of the prostate gland, its fluid, and interpretation of findings, as well as emerging medical options for treatment of canine prostatic disease.
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              Role of inflammation in benign prostatic hyperplasia.

              Inflammation of the prostate may represent a mechanism for hyperplastic changes to occur in the prostate. There are a variety of growth factors and cytokines that may lead to a proinflammatory process within the prostate. There are several proposed mechanisms that lead to both the intrinsic and extrinsic basis of inflammation. Prostatic inflammation may represent an important factor in influencing prostatic growth and progression of symptoms. This article reviews the recent literature on inflammation leading to chronic prostatic diseases, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Prostate
                Prostate
                pros
                The Prostate
                Blackwell Publishing Ltd (Oxford, UK )
                0270-4137
                1097-0045
                August 2014
                09 June 2014
                : 74
                : 11
                : 1132-1141
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), Section of Veterinary Clinic and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro Valenzano, Bari, Italy
                [2 ]Parsemus Foundation Berkeley, California
                Author notes
                *Correspondence to: Raffaella Leoci, PhD, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), Section of Veterinary Clinic and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, SP per Casamassima km 3, Valenzano, Bari, Italy. E-mail: leocivet@ 123456yahoo.it

                Grant sponsor: Parsemus Foundation.

                Disclosure Statement: The authors declare that they have no competing interests considered to be relevant and important with any organization that to any author's knowledge has a direct interest, particularly a financial interest, in the subject matter discussed.

                Authors' Contributions: R.L. was involved in the concept and design of the study, interpretation of results, semen sampling and evaluation, and preparation of this manuscript. R.L. performed the treatment. R.L., G.A., and F.S. performed the ultrasonography. F.S. performed the acquisition of data. G.M.L. and E.L. were involved in revision of the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the manuscript.

                Article
                10.1002/pros.22829
                4145661
                24913937
                76a8cd82-7a54-4e4c-85b0-50be32df76c1
                © 2014 The Authors. The Prostate published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

                This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

                History
                : 24 February 2014
                : 02 May 2014
                Categories
                Original Articles

                Sexual medicine
                bph,prostate,electromagnetic therapy,pemf,dog
                Sexual medicine
                bph, prostate, electromagnetic therapy, pemf, dog

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