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      Accesos no convencionales para revascularización de casos complejos de isquemia crónica crítica de miembros inferiores Translated title: Unconventional access for revascularization of complex cases of chronic limb threatening ischemia

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          Abstract

          Resumen La principal causa de amputaciones no traumáticas está relacionada a la diabetes mellitus (DM) y a la isquemia crónica crítica (ICC). Entre un 2 % a 3 % de los pacientes con enfermedad arterial periférica se presentan con un caso severo de ICC. La ICC se correlaciona con la enfermedad arterial multinivel y multivaso, con compromiso de los vasos por debajo de la rodilla, con presencia de calcificación y prevalencia de oclusiones totales crónicas. Han sido descritas varias estrategias para revascularizar oclusiones extensas en los segmentos arteriales a nivel infrainguinal, por debajo de la rodilla o por debajo del tobillo. La revascularización puede ser realizada utilizando técnicas endoluminales, subintimales o por vía retrógrada. Reportamos dos casos de pacientes con ICC que requirieron de accesos no convencionales para lograr la revascularización.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract The major cause of all non-traumatic lower extremity amputations are related to diabetes and chronic limb threatening ischemia (CLTI). Between 2 % to 3 % of patients with peripheral artery disease are presented as severe cases of CLTI. CTLI is correlated with multilevel and multivessel arterial disease, involvement of bellow the knee arteries, calcification and a prevalence of total chronic occlusions. Multiple technical strategies to successfully cross long occlusions in arterial segments below the groin, bellow the knee, and bellow the ankle have been described. It can be performed using endoluminal, subintimal and retrograde techniques. We report two cases of patients with CLTI who required unconventional access to achieve revascularization.

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          Tibio-pedal arterial minimally invasive retrograde revascularization in patients with advanced peripheral vascular disease: the TAMI technique, original case series.

          A tibial-pedal access method is needed for patients with advanced peripheral artery disease (PAD) unable to tolerate common femoral artery (CFA) access and intervention due to body habitus or comorbidities. This is the first case series reporting an alternative technique to revascularize such patients. Using ultrasound (US) and the tibio-pedal arterial minimally invasive retrograde revascularization (TAMI) technique, operators accessed, and revascularized the lower extremity completely via tibial-pedal arterial access.
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            Characteristics of peripheral arterial disease and its relevance to the diabetic population.

            Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is very frequent in diabetics, and it increases with age. Foot examination contributes poorly to diagnosis of PAD. The ankle-brachial index (ABI) measurement is considered the most accurate noninvasive diagnostic method when evaluating PAD: ABI evaluation is recommended in all diabetics aged >50 years. Many diabetic patients with PAD have a concomitant sensitive neuropathy: as a consequence, perception of ischemic pain is remarkably reduced or completely blocked. The result is that the prevalence of claudication in the diabetic population with PAD is lower than the prevalence of critical limb ischemia (CLI) in this population. CLI is a major risk factor for lower extremity amputation without revascularization. Ankle and toe pressures and oxygen tension at the foot are the noninvasive diagnostic parameters of CLI though the medial artery calcification inhibits accurate determination of the ankle and toe pressures, especially when a forefoot ulcer is present. In diabetics, the anatomical localization is mainly distal; arterial wall calcification is frequently observed and occlusion occurs more frequently than stenosis. Such anatomical features, along with the difficulties in the diagnostic approach, account for the fundamental role of CLI as the main prognostic indicator for major amputation. PAD is an expression of systemic atherosclerotic disease. Prognosis of patients with PAD is related to the presence and extent of underlying coronary artery disease (CAD) but also to the severity of PAD: in particular, patients in whom revascularization is not feasible have the highest mortality rate.
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              Tips and tricks for a correct "endo approach".

              The world is facing an epidemic of diabetes, consequently in the next years critical limb ischemia due to diabetic artery disease will become a major issue for vascular and endovascular operators. Revascularization is a key therapy in these patients because reestablishing an adequate blood supply to the wound is essential for healing avoiding a major amputation. In this paper, we summarize our experience in endovascular treatment of diabetic critical limb ischemia, focusing of the main technical challenges in treating below-the-knee vessels. We describe the following topics: 1) targets of the revascularization therapy: "complete" versus "partial" revascularization and the concept of wound related artery. Every procedure must be tailored on technically realistic strategies and on the general patient status; 2) the antegrade femoral access using both, the X-ray and the ultrasound guided techniques; 3) the chronic total occlusions crossing strategy proposing a step-by-step approach: endoluminal, subintimal, retrograde approaches. Particular attention has been given to the different retrograde approaches: pedal-plantar loop technique, trans-collateral approaches and the different types of retrograde puncture. For each step we provide a complete description of the technical details and of the suitable devices. Eventually we in brief describe: 3) acute result optimization and 4) prevention of restenosis.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                angiologia
                Angiología
                Angiología
                Arán Ediciones S.L. (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0003-3170
                1695-2987
                June 2021
                : 73
                : 3
                : 159-162
                Affiliations
                [1] Santiago del Estero orgnameCentro de Cardiología Intervencionista y Terapéutica Endovascular Periférica orgdiv1Hemodinamia Integra Argentina
                Article
                S0003-31702021000300010 S0003-3170(21)07300300010
                10.20960/angiologia.00279
                76c77366-aa11-4d25-87fb-0d1d53a91348

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 06 February 2021
                : 10 February 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 4, Pages: 4
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Casos Clínicos

                Tibial pedal,Isquemia crónica crítica,Critical limb ischemia,Extreme approach,Endovascular,Acceso extremo,Tibial pedio

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