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      Functional near-infrared spectroscopy-informed neurofeedback: regional-specific modulation of lateral orbitofrontal activation and cognitive flexibility

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          Abstract.

          Cognitive flexibility and reward processing critically rely on the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Dysregulations in these domains and orbitofrontal activation have been reported in major psychiatric disorders. Hemodynamic brain imaging-informed neurofeedback allows regional-specific control over brain activation and thus may represent an innovative intervention to regulate orbitofrontal dysfunctions. Against this background the present proof-of-concept study evaluates the feasibility and behavioral relevance of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)-assisted neurofeedback training of the lateral orbitofrontal cortex (lOFC). In a randomized sham-controlled between-subject design, 60 healthy participants have undergone four subsequent runs of training to enhance the lOFC activation. Training-induced changes in the lOFC, attentional set-shifting performance, and reward experience have served as primary outcomes. Feedback from the target channel significantly increases the regional-specific lOFC activation over the four training runs in comparison with sham neurofeedback. The real-time OFC neurofeedback group demonstrates a trend for faster responses during the set-shifting relative to the sham neurofeedback group. Within the real-time OFC neurofeedback group, stronger training-induced lOFC increases are associated with higher reward experience. The present results demonstrate that fNIRS-informed neurofeedback allows regional-specific regulation of lOFC activation and may have the potential to modulate the associated behavioral domains. As such fNIRS-informed neurofeedback may represent a promising strategy to regulate OFC dysfunctions in psychiatric disorders.

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          The purpose of the present study was to revise the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Version 10 (BIS-10), identify the factor structure of the items among normals, and compare their scores on the revised form (BIS-11) with psychiatric inpatients and prison inmates. The scale was administered to 412 college undergraduates, 248 psychiatric inpatients, and 73 male prison inmates. Exploratory principal components analysis of the items identified six primary factors and three second-order factors. The three second-order factors were labeled Attentional Impulsiveness, Motor Impulsiveness, and Nonplanning Impulsiveness. Two of the three second-order factors identified in the BIS-11 were consistent with those proposed by Barratt (1985), but no cognitive impulsiveness component was identified per se. The results of the present study suggest that the total score of the BIS-11 is an internally consistent measure of impulsiveness and has potential clinical utility for measuring impulsiveness among selected patient and inmate populations.
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            The functional neuroanatomy of the human orbitofrontal cortex: evidence from neuroimaging and neuropsychology.

            The human orbitofrontal cortex is an important brain region for the processing of rewards and punishments, which is a prerequisite for the complex and flexible emotional and social behaviour which contributes to the evolutionary success of humans. Yet much remains to be discovered about the functions of this key brain region, and new evidence from functional neuroimaging and clinical neuropsychology is affording new insights into the different functions of the human orbitofrontal cortex. We review the neuroanatomical and neuropsychological literature on the human orbitofrontal cortex, and propose two distinct trends of neural activity based on a meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies. One is a mediolateral distinction, whereby medial orbitofrontal cortex activity is related to monitoring the reward value of many different reinforcers, whereas lateral orbitofrontal cortex activity is related to the evaluation of punishers which may lead to a change in ongoing behaviour. The second is a posterior-anterior distinction with more complex or abstract reinforcers (such as monetary gain and loss) represented more anteriorly in the orbitofrontal cortex than simpler reinforcers such as taste or pain. Finally, we propose new neuroimaging methods for obtaining further evidence on the localisation of function in the human orbitofrontal cortex.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Neurophotonics
                Neurophotonics
                NEUROW
                NPh
                Neurophotonics
                Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers
                2329-423X
                2329-4248
                8 June 2019
                April 2019
                : 6
                : 2
                : 025011
                Affiliations
                [a ]University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Chengdu, China
                [b ]Beijing Normal University , State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing, China
                [c ]Beijing Normal University , IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
                [d ]Beijing Normal University , Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing, China
                Author notes
                [* ]Address all correspondence to Benjamin Becker, E-mail: ben_becker@ 123456gmx.de ; Chaozhe Zhu, E-mail: czzhu@ 123456bnu.edu.cn
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1780-4606
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0369-1308
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3814-5606
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0371-5904
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9014-9671
                Article
                NPh-19001RRR 19001RRR
                10.1117/1.NPh.6.2.025011
                6951484
                31930153
                76daeb45-32ac-45d9-b2f4-6c651cdf7be3
                © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.
                History
                : 7 January 2019
                : 13 May 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 7, Tables: 4, References: 75, Pages: 11
                Funding
                Funded by: National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001809
                Award ID: 91632117
                Award ID: 31530032
                Award ID: 61431002
                Funded by: Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
                Award ID: ZYGX2015Z002
                Funded by: Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province https://doi.org/10.13039/501100004829
                Award ID: 2018JY0001
                Categories
                Research Papers
                Paper
                Custom metadata
                Li et al.: Functional near-infrared spectroscopy-informed neurofeedback: regional-specific modulation of lateral…

                orbitofrontal cortex,neurofeedback,functional near-infrared spectroscopy,cognitive flexibility,neuromodulation,reward

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