miR-190-5p in human diseases

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Abstract

miRNAs, a major class of small noncoding RNAs approximately 18–25 nucleotides in length, function by repressing the expression of target genes through binding to complementary sequences in the 3′-UTRs of target genes. Emerging evidence has highlighted their important roles in numerous diseases, including human cancers. Recently, miR-190 has been shown to be dysregulated in various types of human cancers that participates in cancer-related biological processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, drug resistance, by regulating associated target genes, and to predict cancer diagnosis and prognosis. In this review, we summarized the roles of miR-190-5p in human diseases, especially in human cancers. Then we classified its target genes in tumorigenesis and progression, which might provide evidence for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, promising tools for cancer treatment, or leads for further investigation.

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TGF-β-Mediated Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Cancer Metastasis

Yang Hao, David Baker, Peter ten Dijke (2019)

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a secreted cytokine that regulates cell proliferation, migration, and the differentiation of a plethora of different cell types. Consistent with these findings, TGF-β plays a key role in controlling embryogenic development, inflammation, and tissue repair, as well as in maintaining adult tissue homeostasis. TGF-β elicits a broad range of context-dependent cellular responses, and consequently, alterations in TGF-β signaling have been implicated in many diseases, including cancer. During the early stages of tumorigenesis, TGF-β acts as a tumor suppressor by inducing cytostasis and the apoptosis of normal and premalignant cells. However, at later stages, when cancer cells have acquired oncogenic mutations and/or have lost tumor suppressor gene function, cells are resistant to TGF-β-induced growth arrest, and TGF-β functions as a tumor promotor by stimulating tumor cells to undergo the so-called epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The latter leads to metastasis and chemotherapy resistance. TGF-β further supports cancer growth and progression by activating tumor angiogenesis and cancer-associated fibroblasts and enabling the tumor to evade inhibitory immune responses. In this review, we will consider the role of TGF-β signaling in cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, EMT and cancer cell metastasis. In particular, we will highlight recent insights into the multistep and dynamically controlled process of TGF-β-induced EMT and the functions of miRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in this process. Finally, we will discuss how these new mechanistic insights might be exploited to develop novel therapeutic interventions.

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Cancer metastases: challenges and opportunities

Xiangming Guan (2015)

Cancer metastasis is the major cause of cancer morbidity and mortality, and accounts for about 90% of cancer deaths. Although cancer survival rate has been significantly improved over the years, the improvement is primarily due to early diagnosis and cancer growth inhibition. Limited progress has been made in the treatment of cancer metastasis due to various factors. Current treatments for cancer metastasis are mainly chemotherapy and radiotherapy, though the new generation anti-cancer drugs (predominantly neutralizing antibodies for growth factors and small molecule kinase inhibitors) do have the effects on cancer metastasis in addition to their effects on cancer growth. Cancer metastasis begins with detachment of metastatic cells from the primary tumor, travel of the cells to different sites through blood/lymphatic vessels, settlement and growth of the cells at a distal site. During the process, metastatic cells go through detachment, migration, invasion and adhesion. These four essential, metastatic steps are inter-related and affected by multi-biochemical events and parameters. Additionally, it is known that tumor microenvironment (such as extracellular matrix structure, growth factors, chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases) plays a significant role in cancer metastasis. The biochemical events and parameters involved in the metastatic process and tumor microenvironment have been targeted or can be potential targets for metastasis prevention and inhibition. This review provides an overview of these metastasis essential steps, related biochemical factors, and targets for intervention.

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MicroRNA: function, detection, and bioanalysis.

Haifeng Dong, Jianping Lei, Lin Ding … (2013)

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Author and article information

Contributors

Yue Yu: 86-022-23340123 , yuyue@tmu.edu.cn

Xu-Chen Cao:

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3216-6673

86-022-23340123 , caoxuchen@tmu.edu.cn

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Cancer Cell Int

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Cancer Cell Int

Title: Cancer Cell International

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1475-2867

Publication date (Electronic): 7 October 2019

Publication date PMC-release: 7 October 2019

Publication date Collection: 2019

Volume: 19

Electronic Location Identifier: 257

Affiliations

[1 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1798 6427, GRID grid.411918.4, The First Department of Breast Cancer, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, , Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, ; Huan-Hu-Xi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060 China

[2 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1798 6427, GRID grid.411918.4, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, ; Tianjin, 300060 China

[3 ]Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China

[4 ]ISNI 0000 0000 9792 1228, GRID grid.265021.2, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, , Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, ; Tianjin, 300060 China

Author information

Xu-Chen Cao http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3216-6673

Article

Publisher ID: 984

DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0984-x

PMC ID: 6781386

PubMed ID: 31624470

SO-VID: 76e5ca25-c753-459a-b389-4df33b980210

License:

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

History

Date received : 30 July 2019

Date accepted : 27 September 2019

Funding

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809, National Natural Science Foundation of China;

Award ID: 81502518

Award Recipient : Yue Yu

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100006606, Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City;

Award ID: 17JCQNJC10400

Award Recipient : Yue Yu

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Oncology & Radiotherapy

Keywords: mir-190,cancer,tumorigenesis,progression,biomarker

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Oncology & Radiotherapy

Keywords: mir-190, cancer, tumorigenesis, progression, biomarker

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miR-190-5p in human diseases

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Cancer Immunotherapy

Most cited references 54

TGF-β-Mediated Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Cancer Metastasis

Cancer metastases: challenges and opportunities

MicroRNA: function, detection, and bioanalysis.

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