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      Teachers' perception of bereaved children's academic performance

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      Advances in School Mental Health Promotion
      Informa UK Limited

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          The nature and significance of memory disturbance in posttraumatic stress disorder.

          Disturbances in aspects of memory described in current learning and cognitive theories are much more strongly associated with the presence of psychiatric disorder than with mere exposure to traumatic events. In posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), there are numerous associated changes that involve memory capacity, the content of memories for trauma, and a variety of memory processes. Whereas some changes appear to reflect the effects of the disorder, other evidence supports a predictive or causal role for memory disturbance. The following aspects of memory are likely to play a causal role in the development or maintenance of PTSD: verbal memory deficits, negative conceptual knowledge concerning the self, overgeneral memory, avoidance or suppression of memories, and negative interpretation of memory symptoms. Other aspects of memory likely to play a causal role that are in addition specific to PTSD are the integration of the trauma with identity, impairment in retrieval of voluntary trauma memories, and increased incidence of sensation-based memories or flashbacks. © 2011 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved
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            Loss of parent in childhood and adult psychiatric disorder: the role of lack of adequate parental care.

            The inconclusiveness of the literature on the role of loss of parent in influencing psychiatric disorder in adulthood is well known. A number of reasons involving sampling, location and other methodological features, are given to account for these contradictory findings. A study specially designed to cope with these features is then described and basic results are reported. These indicate that, in a sample of women aged 18-65, loss of mother before the age of 17, either by death or by separation of one year or more, was associated with clinical depression in the year of interview. Loss of father by death was in no way associated with current depression, but separation from father showed a trend which, however, did not reach statistical significance. Control for other possible confounding factors did not change this patterning of results; these were further supported when psychiatric episodes earlier in adulthood were examined. Examination of the caregiving arrangements in childhood suggests that it is 'lack of care', defined in terms of neglect rather than simply hostile parental behaviour, which accounts for the raised rate of depression. Such 'lack of care' is more frequent after loss of mother than after loss of father.
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              Teacher-mediated intervention after disaster: a controlled three-year follow-up of children's functioning.

              Child survivors of a catastrophic earthquake in Turkey were evaluated three and a half years after the event, and three years after a sub-group participated in a teacher-mediated intervention developed by the authors. The goal of this follow-up study was to determine the long-term effectiveness of the original intervention. Subjects who participated in the intervention were compared with a control group of children similar in terms of demographics, risk and exposure. All children were evaluated in terms of posttraumatic, grief and dissociative symptomatology, as well as adaptive functioning (academic performance, social behavior and general conduct). The severity of post-traumatic, grief and dissociative symptoms of the two groups was comparable. Teachers blind to group assignment rated participating children significantly higher than the control group in terms of adaptive functioning. Early post-disaster intervention addressing children and their educational milieu provides children with significant symptomatic reduction, allowing the mobilization of adaptive coping, thereby enhancing their overall functioning as observed in school.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Advances in School Mental Health Promotion
                Advances in School Mental Health Promotion
                Informa UK Limited
                1754-730X
                2049-8535
                June 23 2015
                July 03 2015
                June 23 2015
                July 03 2015
                : 8
                : 3
                : 187-198
                Article
                10.1080/1754730X.2015.1051888
                76ea8bed-9ff1-4a0a-9a2f-63b3016e5fa3
                © 2015
                History

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