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      SPORTS STARS study protocol: a randomised, controlled trial of the effectiveness of a physiotherapist-led modified sport intervention for ambulant school-aged children with cerebral palsy

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          Abstract

          Background

          Modified sport interventions run by physiotherapists have shown potential as cost-effective, engaging, and effective interventions to improve gross motor skills and support transition to real-world sports participation for children with cerebral palsy. At present, this population demonstrates decreased participation in physical activities and sport compared to peers due to barriers ranging from body function to accessibility challenges. Sport provides culturally relevant opportunities for social integration, community participation and physical activity and has been shown to improve the fitness, self-esteem, confidence and quality of life of children with disabilities. The Sports Stars physiotherapy group has been designed to support the development of a range of fundamental movement and sports skills through activity skill practice and participation in modified popular Australian sports.

          Methods

          This randomised, waitlist controlled, assessor blinded, superiority trial with two parallel groups will aim to compare the effectiveness of Sports Stars to standard care across all ICF domains. Children in the Sports Stars group are expected to demonstrate greater improvement in their individually-selected, sports related goals measured by the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. This study will aim to assess sixty ambulant children aged six to 12 years with a diagnosis of cerebral palsy. Children will be excluded if they have had recent Botox or neurological/orthopaedic surgery. The Sports Stars intervention includes eight, one-hour, weekly physiotherapy group sessions with four to six participants and one lead physiotherapist. Outcome measures will be collected pre, post and 12 weeks post the immediate Sports Stars group to assess change immediately after, and at follow up time points .

          Discussion

          This will be the first study of its kind to investigate a culturally relevant sports-focussed fundamental movement skills physiotherapy group for ambulant children with cerebral palsy. The findings will add to a growing pool of evidence supporting group physiotherapy for children with cerebral palsy and the Sports Stars group will provide an avenue for children to transition from individual physiotherapy to mainstream and modified recreational and competitive sports.

          Trial registration

          Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12617000313336 Registered 28, February 2017.

          WHO Universal Trial Number: U1111–1189-3355 Registered 1, November 2016.

          Electronic supplementary material

          The online version of this article (10.1186/s12887-018-1190-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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          Most cited references53

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          A report: the definition and classification of cerebral palsy April 2006.

          Peter Rosenbaum, Nigel Paneth, Alan Leviton … (2007)
          For a variety of reasons, the definition and the classification of cerebral palsy (CP) need to be reconsidered. Modern brain imaging techniques have shed new light on the nature of the underlying brain injury and studies on the neurobiology of and pathology associated with brain development have further explored etiologic mechanisms. It is now recognized that assessing the extent of activity restriction is part of CP evaluation and that people without activity restriction should not be included in the CP rubric. Also, previous definitions have not given sufficient prominence to the non-motor neurodevelopmental disabilities of performance and behaviour that commonly accompany CP, nor to the progression of musculoskeletal difficulties that often occurs with advancing age. In order to explore this information, pertinent material was reviewed on July 11-13, 2004 at an international workshop in Bethesda, MD (USA) organized by an Executive Committee and participated in by selected leaders in the preclinical and clinical sciences. At the workshop, it was agreed that the concept 'cerebral palsy' should be retained. Suggestions were made about the content of a revised definition and classification of CP that would meet the needs of clinicians, investigators, health officials, families and the public and would provide a common language for improved communication. Panels organized by the Executive Committee used this information and additional comments from the international community to generate a report on the Definition and Classification of Cerebral Palsy, April 2006. The Executive Committee presents this report with the intent of providing a common conceptualization of CP for use by a broad international audience.
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            The Canadian occupational performance measure: an outcome measure for occupational therapy.

            Avrum Pollock, Mark S Baptiste, M McColl … (1990)
            The Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists, in collaboration with Health and Welfare Canada have developed and published a conceptual model for occupational therapy, the Occupational Performance model. This paper describes the development of an outcome measure, The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), which is designed to be used with these guidelines for client-centred clinical practice. The COPM is an outcome measure designed for use by occupational therapists to assess client outcomes in the areas of self-care, productivity and leisure. Using a semi-structured interview, the COPM is a five step process which measures individual, client-identified problem areas in daily function. Two scores, for performance and satisfaction with performance are obtained. This paper describes the rationale and development of the COPM as well as information about its use for therapists.
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              Relationship of physical activity to fundamental movement skills among adolescents.

              J. Patterson, Anthony Okely, M Booth (2001)
              To determine the relationship of participation in organized and nonorganized physical activity with fundamental movement skills among adolescents. Male and female children in Grade 8 (mean age, 13.3 yr) and Grade 10 (mean age, 15.3 yr) were assessed on six fundamental movement skills (run, vertical jump, catch, overhand throw, forehand strike, and kick). Physical activity was assessed using a self-report recall measure where students reported the type, duration, and frequency of participation in organized physical activity and nonorganized physical activity during a usual week. Multiple regression analysis indicated that fundamental movement skills significantly predicted time in organized physical activity, although the percentage of variance it could explain was small. This prediction was stronger for girls than for boys. Multiple regression analysis showed no relationship between time in nonorganized physical activity and fundamental movement skills. Fundamental movement skills are significantly associated with adolescents' participation in organized physical activity, but predict only a small portion of it.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Georgina L. Clutterbuck:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8097-7836
                georgina.clutterbuck@uqconnect.edu.au
                Megan L. Auld: mauld@cpl.org.au
                Leanne M. Johnston: l.johnston1@uq.edu.au
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Pediatr
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Pediatr
                Title: BMC Pediatrics
                Publisher: BioMed Central (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1471-2431
                Publication date (Electronic): 2 August 2018
                Publication date PMC-release: 2 August 2018
                Publication date Collection: 2018
                Volume: 18
                Electronic Location Identifier: 258
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0000 9320 7537, GRID grid.1003.2, The University of Queensland, School of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, ; Brisbane, Australia
                [2 ]The Cerebral Palsy League, Brisbane, Australia
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8097-7836
                Article
                Publisher ID: 1190
                DOI: 10.1186/s12887-018-1190-z
                PMC ID: 6090768
                PubMed ID: 30071830
                SO-VID: 773fdfee-a1a8-480e-89f4-775ce053d5be
                Copyright © © The Author(s). 2018
                License:

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                Date received : 10 January 2018
                Date accepted : 24 June 2018
                Funding
                Funded by: Gambling community benefit fund
                Award ID: Round 89
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Subject: Study Protocol
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2018

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Pediatrics
                Keywords: cerebral palsy,physiotherapy,sport,modified sport,gross motor,exercise,group,school aged
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Pediatrics
                Keywords: cerebral palsy, physiotherapy, sport, modified sport, gross motor, exercise, group, school aged

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