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      Combined effects of fruit and vegetables intake and physical activity on the risk of metabolic syndrome among Chinese adults

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          Abstract

          Background

          Unbalanced dietary intake and insufficient physical activity (PA) have been recognized as risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MetS). We aimed to examine the independent and combined effects of fruit and vegetables (FV) intake and PA on MetS.

          Methods and findings

          A cross-sectional survey was conducted among residents of China in 2009, with fasting blood samples collected. Participants were divided into sufficient/insufficient FV intake and adequate/ inadequate PA groups according to self-reported questionnaires. MetS was defined using the NCEP-ATPIII criteria. The difference of individual MetS components was compared across different PA or FV groups. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess association between FV/PA and the risk of MetS. A total of 7424 adults were included in the current study. MetS was prevalent in 28.7% of participants, with 24.7% and 32.9% in male and female, respectively. Compared with those with inadequate PA and insufficient FV intake, participants with the combination of adequate PA and sufficient FV intake had the lowest risk of MetS (OR = 0.69,95%CI: 0.59–0.82), following by the group with adequate PA time but insufficient FV intake (OR = 0.74, 95%CI:0.65–0.83).

          Conclusion

          Findings of the current study show that the combination of sufficient FV intake and adequate PA was significantly associated with reduced MetS risk among adult residents of China.

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          Why have physical activity levels declined among Chinese adults? Findings from the 1991-2006 China Health and Nutrition Surveys.

          Shu Ng, Edward C Norton, Barry M. Popkin (2009)
          Between 1991 and 2006, average weekly physical activity among adults in China fell by 32%. This paper discusses why total and occupational physical activity levels have fallen, and models the association between the rapid decline and various dimensions of exogenous community urbanization. We hypothesize that a) physical activity levels are negatively associated with urbanization; b) urbanization domains that affect job functions and opportunities will contribute most to changes in physical activity levels; and c) these urbanization domains will be more strongly associated for men than for women because home activities account for a larger proportion of physical activity for women. To test these hypotheses, we used longitudinal data from individuals aged 18-55 in the 1991-2006 China Health and Nutrition Surveys. We find that physical activity declines were strongly associated with greater availability of higher educational institutions, housing infrastructure, sanitation improvements and the economic wellbeing of the community in which people function. These urbanization factors predict more than four-fifths of the decline in occupational physical activity over the 1991-2006 period for men and nearly two-thirds of the decline for women. They are also associated with 57% of the decline in total physical activity for men and 40% of the decline for women. Intervention strategies to promote physical activity in the workplace, at home, for transit and via exercise should be considered a major health priority in China.
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            Adherence to Mediterranean diet reduces the risk of metabolic syndrome: a 6-year prospective study.

            E Kesse-Guyot, N Ahluwalia, C Lassale … (2013)
            Benefits of Mediterranean diet on MetS risk have been suggested, but overall prospective evidence in the general population is limited. For the first time, the prospective association of adherence to Mediterranean diet with the 6-y risk of MetS and its components was evaluated in a large cohort in Europe. Subjects included were participants from the Supplémentation en Vitamines et Minéraux AntioXydants (SU.VI.MAX) study. Adherence to Mediterranean diet was assessed using traditional Mediterranean diet score (MDS), an updated Mediterranean score (MED) and Mediterranean style-dietary pattern score (MSDPS) calculated from at least three 24-h records. In 3232 subjects, the association between Mediterranean diet scores and 6-y risk of MetS was evaluated. The association between Mediterranean scores and MetS components was also estimated. A lower risk of MetS was observed with increasing MED score (P-trend = 0.001) and MDS (P-trend = 0.03) in multivariate models. The adjusted odds ratios (95% Confidence Interval) for MetS risk were 0.47 (0.32-0.69) and 0.50 (0.32-0.77) in subjects in the highest versus lowest tertile of MED score and MDS, respectively. The MED score was inversely associated with waist circumference, systolic blood pressure and triglycerides, and directly associated with HDL-cholesterol. The MDS was negatively associated with waist circumference and triglycerides, and MSDPS was positively associated with HDL-cholesterol. All Mediterranean diet scores were associated in a potentially beneficial direction with components of MetS or MetS incidence. Our findings support that individuals should be encouraged to follow a Mediterranean dietary pattern for reduction of MetS risk. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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              Combined diet and exercise intervention reverses the metabolic syndrome in middle-aged males: results from the Oslo Diet and Exercise Study.

              Robert S. Anderssen, P Urdal, I Holme … (2007)
              We examined the single and combined effects of a 1-year diet and exercise intervention on the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) metabolic syndrome among middle-aged males. The study was a randomized, controlled, 2 x 2 factorial intervention study. Participants included 137 men with metabolic syndrome according to the IDF criteria aged 40-49 years randomly allocated to four intervention groups: diet alone (n=34), exercise alone (n=34), the combination of the diet and exercise intervention (n=43) or control (n=26). The main outcome measure was metabolic syndrome as defined by IDF criteria (2005). In the combined diet and exercise group, 14 participants (32.6%) (P<0.0001 as compared with control) had the metabolic syndrome after 1-year intervention. In the diet-only group, 22 participants (64.7%) (P=0.023 vs control) and in the exercise-only group 26 participants (76.5%) (P=0.23 vs control) had the metabolic syndrome following the intervention. Utilizing the factorial design, both dietary and exercise intervention had significant effects (P<0.005) on the resolution of the metabolic syndrome. Both exercise and dietary intervention reduced metabolic syndrome prevalence compared with control after 1 year of intervention. However, the combined diet and exercise intervention was significantly more effective than diet or exercise alone in the treatment of the metabolic syndrome.
              Article 0 comments Cited 40 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Xin-tong Li: Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – original draft
                Wei Liao: Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – original draft
                Hong-jie Yu: Role: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: Software
                Ming-wei Liu: Role: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: Software
                Shuai Yuan: Role: Formal analysisRole: Methodology
                Bo-wen Tang: Role: Formal analysisRole: Methodology
                Xu-hao Yang: Role: MethodologyRole: Validation
                Yong Song: Role: MethodologyRole: Validation
                Yao Huang: Role: SoftwareRole: Validation
                Shi-le Cheng: Role: ResourcesRole: Validation
                Zhi-yu Chen: Role: ResourcesRole: Validation
                Samuel D. Towne Jr.: Role: MethodologyRole: Writing – review & editing
                Zong-fu Mao: Role: Project administrationRole: Supervision
                Qi-qiang He: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: Validation
                Hervé Guillou: Role: Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS ONE
                Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
                Journal ID (pmc): plosone
                Title: PLoS ONE
                Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1932-6203
                Publication date (Electronic): 21 November 2017
                Publication date Collection: 2017
                Volume: 12
                Issue: 11
                Electronic Location Identifier: e0188533
                Affiliations
                [1 ] School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, P. R. China
                [2 ] Ganzhou Health and Family Planning Committee, Ganzhou, P. R. China
                [3 ] The first Clinical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
                [4 ] Department of Health Promotion and Community Health Sciences, Texas T&M Health Sciences Center, School of Public Health, College Station, TX, United States of America
                INRA, FRANCE
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Article
                Publisher ID: PONE-D-17-19751
                DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188533
                PMC ID: 5697838
                PubMed ID: 29161331
                SO-VID: 7759b891-49df-4902-8860-add6f077de6f
                Copyright © © 2017 Li et al
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date received : 30 June 2017
                Date accepted : 8 November 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 3, Pages: 9
                Funding
                Funded by: the China National Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety; the China Centre for Disease Control; the National Institutes of Health
                Award ID: R01HD30880, P30DK056350, R21DK089306, R01HL108427 and R01HD38700
                This research was supported by the China National Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety; the China Centre for Disease Control; the National Institutes of Health [grant numbers R01HD30880, P30DK056350, R21DK089306, R01HL108427 and R01HD38700]; the Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health; the China-Japan Friendship Hospital; and the Chinese Ministry of Health. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Metabolic Disorders
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Public and Occupational Health
                Subject: Physical Activity
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Nutrition
                Subject: Diet
                Subject: Alcohol Consumption
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Nutrition
                Subject: Diet
                Subject: Alcohol Consumption
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Biochemistry
                Subject: Metabolism
                Subject: Carbohydrate Metabolism
                Subject: Glucose Metabolism
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Vascular Medicine
                Subject: Blood Pressure
                Subject: Social Sciences
                Subject: Sociology
                Subject: Education
                Subject: Educational Attainment
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Pharmacology
                Subject: Pharmacokinetics
                Subject: Drug Metabolism
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Physiology
                Subject: Physiological Parameters
                Subject: Body Weight
                Subject: Obesity
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Physiology
                Subject: Physiological Parameters
                Subject: Body Weight
                Subject: Obesity
                Custom metadata
                Data Availability Data are available from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. URL for data access: http://www.cpc.unc.edu/projects/china/.

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized

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