Photocontrol of fluid slugs in liquid crystal polymer microactuators

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Observation of a single-beam gradient force optical trap for dielectric particles

A Ashkin, J M Dziedzic, J. E. Bjorkholm … (1986)

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Photomechanics: directed bending of a polymer film by light.

Yanlei Yu, Makoto Nakano, Tomiki Ikeda (2003)

Polymer solutions and solids that contain light-sensitive molecules can undergo photo-contraction, whereby light energy is converted into mechanical energy. Here we show that a single film of a liquid-crystal network containing an azobenzene chromophore can be repeatedly and precisely bent along any chosen direction by using linearly polarized light. This striking photomechanical effect results from a photoselective volume contraction and may be useful in the development of high-speed actuators for microscale or nanoscale applications, for example in microrobots in medicine or optical microtweezers.

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Programmable and adaptive mechanics with liquid crystal polymer networks and elastomers.

Timothy J. White, Dirk Broer (2015)

Liquid crystals are the basis of a pervasive technology of the modern era. Yet, as the display market becomes commoditized, researchers in industry, government and academia are increasingly examining liquid crystalline materials in a variety of polymeric forms and discovering their fascinating and useful properties. In this Review, we detail the historical development of liquid crystalline polymeric materials, with emphasis on the thermally and photogenerated macroscale mechanical responses--such as bending, twisting and buckling--and on local-feature development (primarily related to topographical control). Within this framework, we elucidate the benefits of liquid crystallinity and contrast them with other stimuli-induced mechanical responses reported for other materials. We end with an outlook of existing challenges and near-term application opportunities.