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      Impacto de una intervención de autoevaluación clínica sobre la adecuación de la estancia hospitalaria Translated title: Impact of a clinical self-evaluation intervention on the appropriateness of hospital stays

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          Abstract

          Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de una intervención sobre la proporción de estancias inapropiadas (EI), para contrastar la hipótesis de que una intervención sencilla de información y participación (adeQhos®) permite reducir la proporción de EI. Método: Estudio pre/postintervención mediante el cuestionario «adeQhos®», que compara 2 grupos experimentales (medicina, cirugía) y 2 grupos control (otras especialidades médicas, cirugía ortopédica y traumatología), en 10 hospitales de agudos de Cataluña. Los mismos revisores evaluaron la adecuación mediante el Appropriateness Evaluation Protocol, antes y después de la intervención. Resultados: Se revisaron 1.594 estancias antes de la intervención y 1.495 después. El 41,1% de todas las estancias revisadas (día previo al alta) resultaron inapropiadas. La intervención se realizó sobre 4.613 estancias. Hubo un incremento significativo de EI en el grupo control de medicina (del 39,7 al 48,6%), mientras que en los grupos de intervención no se observó ninguna disminución (en medicina del 46,7 al 50,6%, y en cirugía del 27,2 al 31,2%). Sin embargo, la correlación entre la intensidad de la intervención y las diferencias de EI antes y después fue de r = -0,373 (p = 0,106). La intensidad de la intervención fue desigual en los diferentes hospitales; en los que presentaban una intensidad de intervención > 60% el porcentaje de EI disminuyó 10,7 puntos en medicina y 4,8 en cirugía, mientras que en los grupos control aumentó. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de EI en el día previo al alta en los hospitales estudiados fue considerablemente alta (del 41,1%). No se observó ninguna reducción significativa de la inadecuación hospitalaria tras una intervención de baja intensidad.

          Translated abstract

          Aim: To assess the impact of an intervention on inappropriate hospital stays (IHS) in acute-care hospitals in Catalonia (Spain) with the aim of testing the hypothesis that a simple intervention (adeQhos®) reduces the proportion of IHS. Methods: A pre-test/post-test study was performed through the «adeQhos®» questionnaire. Two intervention groups (internal medicine and general surgery) and 2 control groups (other medical specialities, orthopedics) were compared in 10 acute-care hospitals in Catalonia. The same evaluators assessed appropriateness of hospital stays before and after the intervention, using the Appropriateness Evaluation Protocol. Results: A total of 1,594 pre-test stays and 1,495 post-test stays were reviewed. Of all the stays reviewed (day before discharge), 41.1% were inappropriate. The intervention was applied to 4,613 stays. There was a significant increase of IHS in the medicine control group (from 39.7 to 48.6%), and no decrease in the intervention groups (internal medicine [from 46.7 to 50.6%] or general surgery [from 27.2 to 31.2%]). The correlation between the intensity of the intervention and the difference in IHS before and after the intervention was r = -0.373 (p = 0.106). The intensity of intervention differed among the hospitals. In hospitals with an intensity of intervention > 60%, the proportion of IHS decreased by 10.7 points in internal medicine and by 4.8 points in general surgery, while the proportion of IHS increased in the control groups. Conclusions: The prevalanece of IHS the day before discharge in the hospitals studied was high (41.1%). No significant decrease in IHS was observed after a low-intensity intervention.

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          The appropriateness evaluation protocol: a technique for assessing unnecessary days of hospital care.

          A major national health policy objective is to improve the efficiency of hospital utilization. To evaluate programmatic interventions with this objective, such as the Professional Standards Review Organization program, measures of appropriate use are a fundamental need. This report represents the results of two developmental trials of a new technique, labeled the Appropriateness Evaluation Protocol (AEP), for assessing potentially unnecessary hospital days of care. Twenty-seven objective criteria items related to medical services, nursing/life support services and patient condition factors were incorporated in the protocol. If any one of the criteria was met, the day was deemed "appropriate," and if none was met, the day was deemed "inappropriate" at an acute hospital level of care. A reviewer could override the objective criteria in either direction in reaching a final judgment. Three reviewers, two nurses and one physician each reviewed 200 charts at a teaching hospital. After correcting for a small number of abstracting errors, overall agreement rates between pairs of reviewers ranged from 92 to 94 per cent, levels significant p less than 0.0001. Of all cases judged inappropriate by at least one of the reviewers, specific agreement rates for the reviewer pairs on which days were inappropriate ranged from 73 to 79 per cent. These overall agreement rates and specific agreement rates on days of care judged as inappropriate are higher than those of any previously reported assessment methods. A parallel study of the appropriateness of admissions in these same cases, using purely subjective reviewer judgments, found overall agreement rates averaging 90 per cent, but rates of specific agreement on inappropriate admissions were less than 40 per cent between pairs of reviewers. Along with comparisons to other, more subjective, assessment techniques, this finding suggests that objective criteria are a vital element in developing methodologically sound techniques for assessing appropriate hospital use.
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            An overview of Spanish studies on appropriateness of hospital use.

            This paper is an overview of hospital utilization review in Spain. Most of the hospital utilization studies have used the Appropriateness Evaluation Protocol as the review instrument. The studies, mainly retrospective, started in the late 1980s and used different adaptations of the medical-surgical version of the protocol. The level of inappropriate use detected ranges between 2.1 and 44.8% for admissions, and from 15 to 43.9% for inappropriate days of stay. The variability in the detected degree of inappropriateness may be due to the differences in the review instrument, the use of the override option, the patients included in the study, or the setting. The determinants of inappropriate hospitalization in Spain are mainly related to access to the different levels of care and to the conservative attitude of the physicians. Future utilization review in Spain should be followed by the development of specific interventions to correct the current pattern of overutilization.
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              Evaluation of quality improvement interventions to reduce inappropriate hospital use.

              To assess the impact of process analyses and modifications on inappropriate hospital use. Pre-post comparison of inappropriate hospital use after process modifications. The Department of Internal Medicine of the Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland. A random sample of 498 patients. Two processes of care (i.e. non-urgent admissions and transfer to a rehabilitation hospital), which influenced inappropriate hospital use, were identified and modified. The impact of these modifications was then assessed. The proportion of inappropriate hospital admissions and inappropriate hospital days. As a baseline assessment before quality improvement interventions, the appropriateness of hospital use (admissions and hospital days) was evaluated using the Appropriateness Evaluation Protocol (AEP) in a sample of 500 patients (5665 days). After modification of the two processes through a quality improvement program, inappropriate hospital use was reassessed in a sample of 498 patients (6095 days). Inappropriate hospital admissions decreased from 15 to 9% (P = 0.002) and inappropriate hospital days from 28 to 25% (P = 0.12). Using the AEP as a criterion, the quality improvement interventions significantly reduced inappropriate hospital use due to the process of non-urgent admissions, but the reduction of inappropriate hospital days specifically attributed to the transfer to the rehabilitation hospital did not reach statistical significance.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                gs
                Gaceta Sanitaria
                Gac Sanit
                Ediciones Doyma, S.L. (Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain )
                0213-9111
                August 2007
                : 21
                : 4
                : 290-297
                Affiliations
                [03] Vic orgnameHospital General de Vic España
                [10] Igualada orgnameConsorci Sanitari de l´Anoia orgdiv1Hospital de Igualada España
                [01] Barcelona orgnameConsorci Sanitari Integral orgdiv1Hospital General de l´Hospitalet de Llobregat España
                [06] Barcelona orgnameInstitut Municipal d´Assistència Sanitària orgdiv1Hospital del Mar España
                [08] Barcelona orgnameConsorci Sanitari Integral orgdiv1Hospital Dos de Maig España
                [02] Mataró orgnameHospital General de Mataró España
                [07] Barcelona orgnameSCIAS orgdiv1Hospital de Barcelona España
                [11] Valencia orgnameFundación Instituto de Investigación en Servicios de Salud España
                [04] San Boi de Llobregat orgnameHospital de Sant Boi España
                [09] Sabadell orgnameCorporació Sanitaria Parc Taulí España
                [05] Granollers orgnameFundació Hospital Asil de Granollers España
                Article
                S0213-91112007000400005 S0213-9111(07)02100400005
                10.1157/13108501
                17663871
                779cdb67-3879-44d3-83f8-970eee369fa4

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 12 January 2006
                : 20 February 2007
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 35, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Public Health

                Categories
                Originales

                Uso hospitalario,Appropriateness Evaluation Protocol,Hospital use,Uso inapropiado,Inappropiate use,Investigación en servicios de salud,Health services research

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