9
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: not found

      Verwendung von Masken bei Kindern zur Verhinderung der Infektion mit SARS-CoV-2 : Stellungnahme der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Infektiologie (DGPI), des Berufsverbandes der Kinder- und Jugendärzte (bvkj e. V.), der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin (DGKJ), der Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Pneumologie (GPP), der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Sozialpädiatrie und Jugendmedizin (DGSPJ), der Süddeutschen Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin (SGKJ) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie (DGKJP) Translated title: Use of masks by children to prevent infection with SARS-CoV-2 : Consensus statement of the German Society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases (DGPI), the Professional Association of Pediatricians (BVKJ), the German Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (DGKJ), the Society for Pediatric Pneumology (GPP), the German Society for Social Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (DGSPJ), the Southern German Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (SGKJ) and the German Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy (DGKJP)

      review-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Das Tragen von Masken (Alltagsmaske oder chirurgische Maske) ist neben der Abstandswahrung und Hygienemaßnahmen zu einem wesentlichen Mittel zur Eindämmung der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie geworden. Sie stellen eine wesentliche Barriere für infektiöse Tröpfchen im Nahfeld dar und können neben dem Fremdschutz möglicherweise auch den Träger schützen. Nach Darstellung möglicher körperlicher oder seelischer Nebenwirkungen bei Erwachsenen werden die wenigen Daten zu unerwünschten Wirkungen bei Kindern referiert. Bei bestimmungsgemäßer Anwendung sind bislang keine wesentlichen Nebenwirkungen bekannt geworden. Allerdings können Masken sehr lästig sein. Die Schlussfolgerung besagt, dass bei gesunden wachen Kindern, die jederzeit in der Lage sind, die Maske selbstständig abzunehmen, unerwünschte Wirkungen nicht zu befürchten sind. Während Kinder etwa ab 10 Jahren mit einer Maske nach altersgemäßer Aufklärung und Demonstration sinnvoll und effektiv umgehen können, sodass das Tragen auch vorgeschrieben werden kann, sollten Grundschüler nicht dazu verpflichtet und Vorschulkinder davon befreit werden. Die Tragedauer sollte begrenzt werden, und Schulkinder, die an ihrem Platz unter Einhaltung des Abstandsgebotes sitzen, sollen die Maske abnehmen dürfen.

          Translated abstract

          After initial reluctance masks have emerged as an important means of restricting the spread of SARS-CoV‑2, the new coronavirus causing COVID-19. Other simple measures are keeping a distance of at least 1 ½ m from other persons and observing hygiene recommendations, including washing or even disinfecting the hands, coughing into the crook of the arm and remaining at home when sick. Combining the initial letters of the German words for the three measures ( Abstand-Hygiene-Alltagsmaske, distance-hygiene-face mask) the acronym AHA was formed, a colloquial German word meaning that the speaker understood the information presented. This acronym was later extended by the letter “L”, initial letter of “Lüften” meaning air ventilation for indoor rooms and arriving at AHA‑L, recommended by the federal German Health Institute the Robert Koch Institute. In fact, masks including surgical masks and face coverings can form an effective barrier against the spread of the virus: protecting other people from droplets expelled from the throat of the speaker wearing a mask and even in part protecting the wearer from inhaling droplets emanating from other peoples’ throats. Studies to find out if wearing masks might impose risks did not find essential problems: alterations of respiratory parameters due to an increased airway resistance remained within normal limits in healthy adults and even in asthmatics whose disease was well controlled; however, many adults expressed their unease with masks describing them as cumbersome and inconvenient. Emotional resistance against masks made it increasingly more difficult for them to use a mask. Efficient application of masks requires, in addition to a logical explanation of its effect, the evocation of empathy for vulnerable people who can be protected from catching a possibly deadly disease. In children there are very few data on adverse effects of wearing a mask although there is ample experience in children with serious diseases compromising defense against infectious agents acquired via respiratory mucus membranes; however, when using masks appropriately in children relevant adverse effects have not been reported and are not to be expected. Masks should only be used in children when they are healthy and awake and can remove the masks themselves anytime they like. Children 10 years or older can use masks efficiently when they have been informed beforehand appropriate to their age. Under these conditions they can also be obliged to wear masks in certain situations, for example while walking through the school building to their desk in class. To limit the period of wearing a mask normally they will be allowed to remove the mask when sitting in class and keeping their distance. Children in primary schools may use masks, but they should not be obliged to wear them and children in kindergartens should not use masks. This exemption of younger children does not expose school and kindergarten teachers to additional risks since the infectivity with SARS-CoV‑2 is age-dependent and increases with age reaching adult values only after 12 years of age.

          Related collections

          Most cited references17

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Reducing transmission of SARS-CoV-2

          Masks and testing are necessary to combat asymptomatic spread in aerosols and droplets
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            The Emotional Path to Action: Empathy Promotes Physical Distancing and Wearing of Face Masks During the COVID-19 Pandemic

            The COVID-19 pandemic presents a major challenge to societies all over the globe. Two measures implemented in many countries to curb the spread of the disease are (a) minimizing close contact between people (“physical distancing”) and (b) wearing of face masks. In the present research, we tested the idea that physical distancing and wearing of face masks can be the result of a prosocial emotional process—empathy for people most vulnerable to the virus. In four preregistered studies ( N = 3,718, Western population), we found that (a) empathy indeed relates to the motivation to adhere to physical distancing and to wearing face masks and (b) inducing empathy for people most vulnerable to the virus promotes the motivation to adhere to these measures (whereas merely providing information about the importance of the measures does not). In sum, the present research provides a better understanding of the factors underlying the willingness to follow two important measures during the COVID-19 pandemic.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: not found
              • Article: not found

              Mental Health and Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic—Results of the Copsy Study

                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                hihuppertz@hotmail.de
                reinhard.berner@uniklinikum-dresden.de
                renate.schepker@zfp-zentrum.de
                matthias.kopp@insel.ch
                a.oberle@klinikum-stuttgart.de
                thomas.fischbach@uminfo.de
                generalsekretaer@dgkj.de
                Markus.Knuf@helios-gesundheit.de
                Matthias.Keller@kinderklinik-passau.de
                Arne.Simon@uks.eu
                Johannes.huebner@med.uni-muenchen.de
                Journal
                Monatsschr Kinderheilkd
                Monatsschr Kinderheilkd
                Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde
                Springer Medizin (Heidelberg )
                0026-9298
                1433-0474
                18 December 2020
                : 1-5
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Geschäftsstelle Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Infektiologie, Chausseestr. 128/129, 10115 Berlin, Deutschland
                [2 ]GRID grid.4488.0, ISNI 0000 0001 2111 7257, Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, , TU Dresden, ; Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Deutschland
                [3 ]GRID grid.6582.9, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 9748, ZfP Südwürttemberg/Universität Ulm, ; Weingartshofer Str. 2, 88214 Ravensburg, Deutschland
                [4 ]GRID grid.411656.1, ISNI 0000 0004 0479 0855, Universitätskinderklinik, , Inselspital, ; Freiburgstrasse 15, 3010 Bern, Schweiz
                [5 ]GRID grid.419842.2, ISNI 0000 0001 0341 9964, Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, Olgahospital, , Klinikum Stuttgart, ; Stuttgart, Deutschland
                [6 ]Mielenforster Straße 2, 51069 Köln, Deutschland
                [7 ]Christliches Kinderhospital Osnabrück, Johannisfreiheit 1, 49074 Osnabrück, Deutschland
                [8 ]Klinik für Kinder und Jugendliche, Helios Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken, Pädiatrische Infektiologie, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Wiesbaden, Deutschland
                [9 ]Kinderklinik Dritter Orden, Bischof-Altmann-Str. 9, 94032 Passau, Deutschland
                [10 ]GRID grid.411937.9, Klinik für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie, , Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, ; Kirrberger Straße, Gebäude 9, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Deutschland
                [11 ]GRID grid.5252.0, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 973X, Dr. von Hauner’sche Kinderklinik, , LMU München, ; Lindwurmstr. 4, 80337 München, Deutschland
                Author notes
                [Redaktion]

                A. Borkhardt, Düsseldorf

                S. Wirth, Wuppertal

                Article
                1090
                10.1007/s00112-020-01090-9
                7747190
                33353989
                77aa79b8-99c0-4cae-8149-a5989c1b38ad
                © Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature 2020

                This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

                History
                Categories
                Konsensuspapiere

                covid-19,chirurgische maske,alltagsmaske,prävention,gemeinschaftseinrichtungen,surgical mask,face coverings,prevention,kindergarten and school

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content232

                Cited by6

                Most referenced authors206