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      Percepção sobre uso de substâncias psicoativas em estudantes universitários: uma revisão integrativa Translated title: Perception of psychoactive substance use in university students: an integrative review

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          Abstract

          A pesquisa buscou integrar o conhecimento relativo à percepção dos estudantes universitários em relação aos riscos no uso e abuso de substâncias psicoativas. Objetivou-se verificar se a percepção em relação ao risco poderia ser um fator que contribui para o uso, bem como a proximidade com os colegas e o pertencimento a grupos que façam uso dessas substâncias. Foram seguidos os passos de uma revisão integrativa. 27 estudos foram incluídos por estarem de acordo com os critérios estabelecidos. Os achados sugerem que há uma associação significativa entre a maneira como o estudante universitário percebe os riscos e o seu padrão de consumo de drogas, bem como a relação que ele estabelece com os pares e demais colegas. Outro aspecto relevante foi a evidência sobre o uso de substâncias que só podem ser adquiridas com prescrição médica e que são utilizadas de forma indiscriminada para o aumento do desempenho acadêmico.

          Translated abstract

          The research aimed to integrate the knowledge related to the perception of university students regarding the risks in the use and abuse of psychoactive substances. The objective was to verify if the perception in relation to risk could be a factor that contributes to the use, as well as the proximity with colleagues and belonging to groups that make use of these substances. The steps of an integrative review were followed. 27 studies were included because they were in accordance with the established criteria. The findings suggest that there is a significant association between the way the university student perceives risks and his pattern of drug use, as well as the relationship he establishes with peers and other colleagues. Another relevant aspect was the evidence on the use of substances that can only be acquired with a medical prescription and that are used indiscriminately to increase academic performance.

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          Most cited references39

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          The integrative review: updated methodology.

          The aim of this paper is to distinguish the integrative review method from other review methods and to propose methodological strategies specific to the integrative review method to enhance the rigour of the process. Recent evidence-based practice initiatives have increased the need for and the production of all types of reviews of the literature (integrative reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and qualitative reviews). The integrative review method is the only approach that allows for the combination of diverse methodologies (for example, experimental and non-experimental research), and has the potential to play a greater role in evidence-based practice for nursing. With respect to the integrative review method, strategies to enhance data collection and extraction have been developed; however, methods of analysis, synthesis, and conclusion drawing remain poorly formulated. A modified framework for research reviews is presented to address issues specific to the integrative review method. Issues related to specifying the review purpose, searching the literature, evaluating data from primary sources, analysing data, and presenting the results are discussed. Data analysis methods of qualitative research are proposed as strategies that enhance the rigour of combining diverse methodologies as well as empirical and theoretical sources in an integrative review. An updated integrative review method has the potential to allow for diverse primary research methods to become a greater part of evidence-based practice initiatives.
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            Relationship between burnout and professional conduct and attitudes among US medical students.

            The relationship between professionalism and distress among medical students is unknown. To determine the relationship between measures of professionalism and burnout among US medical students. Cross-sectional survey of all medical students attending 7 US medical schools (overall response rate, 2682/4400 [61%]) in the spring of 2009. The survey included the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), the PRIME-MD depression screening instrument, and the SF-8 quality of life (QOL) assessment tool, as well as items exploring students' personal engagement in unprofessional conduct, understanding of appropriate relationships with industry, and attitudes regarding physicians' responsibility to society. Frequency of self-reported cheating/dishonest behaviors, understanding of appropriate relationships with industry as defined by American Medical Association policy, attitudes about physicians' responsibility to society, and the relationship of these dimensions of professionalism to burnout, symptoms of depression, and QOL. Of the students who responded to all the MBI items, 1354 of 2566 (52.8%) had burnout. Cheating/dishonest academic behaviors were rare (endorsed by <10%) in comparison to unprofessional conduct related to patient care (endorsed by up to 43%). Only 14% (362/2531) of students had opinions on relationships with industry consistent with guidelines for 6 scenarios. Students with burnout were more likely to report engaging in 1 or more unprofessional behaviors than those without burnout (35.0% vs 21.9%; odds ratio [OR], 1.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.59-2.24). Students with burnout were also less likely to report holding altruistic views regarding physicians' responsibility to society. For example, students with burnout were less likely to want to provide care for the medically underserved than those without burnout (79.3% vs 85.0%; OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.55-0.83). After multivariable analysis adjusting for personal and professional characteristics, burnout was the only aspect of distress independently associated with reporting 1 or more unprofessional behaviors (OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.45-2.13) or holding at least 1 less altruistic view regarding physicians' responsibility to society (OR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.35-2.01). Burnout was associated with self-reported unprofessional conduct and less altruistic professional values among medical students at 7 US schools.
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              The Epidemiology of Binge Drinking Among College-Age Individuals in the United States

              Rates of alcohol consumption continue to be a concern, particularly for individuals who are college age. Drinking patterns have changed over time, with the frequency of binge drinking (consuming four/five or more drinks for women/men) remaining high (30% to 40%). Young adults in the college age range are developmentally and socially at higher risk for drinking at binge levels. Changes in autonomy, parental control, norms, and attitudes affect binge drinking behaviors. This article reviews those changes, as well as the individual and environmental factors that increase or decrease the risk of participating in binge drinking behaviors. Risk factors include risky drinking events (e.g., 21st birthdays), other substance use, and drinking to cope, while protective factors include religious beliefs, low normative perceptions of drinking, and use of protective behavioral strategies. Additionally, this article discusses the physical, social, emotional, and cognitive consequences of consuming alcohol at binge levels. Alcohol policies and prevention and intervention techniques need to incorporate these factors to reduce experiences of alcohol-related problems. Targeting policy changes and prevention and intervention efforts toward young adults may increase effectiveness and prevent both short- and long-term consequences of binge drinking.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                muda
                Mudanças
                Mudanças
                Universidade Metodista de São Paulo / Associação Brasileira de Psicologia da Saúde - ABPSA (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                0104-3269
                2176-1019
                December 2020
                : 28
                : 2
                : 77-84
                Affiliations
                [3] orgnameCentro Universitário CESMAC
                [1] orgnameCentro Universitário CESMAC orgdiv1Mestrado Profissional Pesquisa em Saúde
                [2] orgnameInstituto Federal de Alagoas
                [4] orgnameUniversidade Estadual de Ciência da Saúde de Alagoas
                Article
                S0104-32692020000200010 S0104-3269(20)02800200010
                77cad5e0-a169-44e2-8a93-e3d1dd5cfbf0

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 05 June 2020
                : 02 February 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 39, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Periódicos Eletrônicos em Psicologia

                Categories
                Revisões Bibliográficas

                University,Estudantes,Universidade,Abuso de Substâncias Psicoativas,Students,Psychoactive Substances Abuse

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