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      Retracted: Timosaponin AIII Suppresses RAP1 Signaling Pathway to Enhance the Inhibitory Effect of Paclitaxel on Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

      retraction
      Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine
      Hindawi

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          Abstract

          This article has been retracted by Hindawi following an investigation undertaken by the publisher [1]. This investigation has uncovered evidence of one or more of the following indicators of systematic manipulation of the publication process: Discrepancies in scope Discrepancies in the description of the research reported Discrepancies between the availability of data and the research described Inappropriate citations Incoherent, meaningless and/or irrelevant content included in the article Peer-review manipulation The presence of these indicators undermines our confidence in the integrity of the article's content and we cannot, therefore, vouch for its reliability. Please note that this notice is intended solely to alert readers that the content of this article is unreliable. We have not investigated whether authors were aware of or involved in the systematic manipulation of the publication process. Wiley and Hindawi regrets that the usual quality checks did not identify these issues before publication and have since put additional measures in place to safeguard research integrity. We wish to credit our own Research Integrity and Research Publishing teams and anonymous and named external researchers and research integrity experts for contributing to this investigation. The corresponding author, as the representative of all authors, has been given the opportunity to register their agreement or disagreement to this retraction. We have kept a record of any response received.

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          Timosaponin AIII Suppresses RAP1 Signaling Pathway to Enhance the Inhibitory Effect of Paclitaxel on Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

          Although PTX has been identified as an effective drug for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) therapy, it has serious side effects in the human body. Previous studies have shown that timosaponin AIII (TSAIII) can inhibit the malignant progression of NPC cells. This study investigated the active mechanism of the combination of TSAIII and paclitaxel (PTX) on NPC. Cellular viability, apoptosis, apoptotic factors, and RAP1 signaling regulators were detected in the PNC cells (CNE-1 and HNE-2) and the subcutaneous CNE-1 transplanted nude mice treated with PTX or/and TSAIII. The results showed that TSAIII notably strengthened the inhibitory effect of PTX on the proliferation of NPC cells CNE-1 and HNE-2; upregulated the expression of Bax B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)/Bcl-xL-associated death promoter (Bad), and Ras-associated protein1 (RAP1) GTPase activating protein (Rap1GAP); inhibited the level of Bcl-2, RAP1, and Ras guanine nucleotide releasing protein (RasGRP2); and significantly enhanced the promoting effect of PTX on apoptosis in the CNE-1 and HNE-2 cells. Besides, TSAIII strengthened the inhibitory effect of PTX on xenograft tumor in nude mice without adverse reactions. In conclusion, the combination administration of TSAIII and PTX had a significantly therapeutic effect on NPC and avoided the PTX's side effects, which may have acted as a new direction for the study of therapeutic approaches for NPC clinically.
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            Author and article information

            Contributors
            Journal
            Comput Math Methods Med
            Comput Math Methods Med
            cmmm
            Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine
            Hindawi
            1748-670X
            1748-6718
            2023
            28 June 2023
            28 June 2023
            : 2023
            : 9804984
            Affiliations
            Article
            10.1155/2023/9804984
            10322473
            77cfb754-7cf5-4692-8537-d27454815f39
            Copyright © 2023 Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine.

            This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

            History
            : 27 June 2023
            : 27 June 2023
            Categories
            Retraction

            Applied mathematics
            Applied mathematics

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