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      Polymer-templated nucleation and crystal growth of perovskite films for solar cells with efficiency greater than 21%

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          Efficient luminescent solar cells based on tailored mixed-cation perovskites

          Dongqin Bi, Wolfgang Tress, M Ibrahim Dar … (2016)
          Researchers developed a perovskite solar cell with high power-conversion efficiency (>20%) and intense electroluminescence yield (0.5%).
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            Non-wetting surface-driven high-aspect-ratio crystalline grain growth for efficient hybrid perovskite solar cells

            Cheng-Feng Bi, Qi Wang, Yuchuan Shao … (2015)
            Large-aspect-ratio grains are needed in polycrystalline thin-film solar cells for reduced charge recombination at grain boundaries; however, the grain size in organolead trihalide perovskite (OTP) films is generally limited by the film thickness. Here we report the growth of OTP grains with high average aspect ratio of 2.3–7.9 on a wide range of non-wetting hole transport layers (HTLs), which increase nucleus spacing by suppressing heterogeneous nucleation and facilitate grain boundary migration in grain growth by imposing less drag force. The reduced grain boundary area and improved crystallinity dramatically reduce the charge recombination in OTP thin films to the level in OTP single crystals. Combining the high work function of several HTLs, a high stabilized device efficiency of 18.3% in low-temperature-processed planar-heterojunction OTP devices under 1 sun illumination is achieved. This simple method in enhancing OTP morphology paves the way for its application in other optoelectronic devices for enhanced performance.
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              Inkjet printing of single-crystal films.

              Hiromi Minemawari, Toshikazu Yamada, Hiroyuki Matsui … (2011)
              The use of single crystals has been fundamental to the development of semiconductor microelectronics and solid-state science. Whether based on inorganic or organic materials, the devices that show the highest performance rely on single-crystal interfaces, with their nearly perfect translational symmetry and exceptionally high chemical purity. Attention has recently been focused on developing simple ways of producing electronic devices by means of printing technologies. 'Printed electronics' is being explored for the manufacture of large-area and flexible electronic devices by the patterned application of functional inks containing soluble or dispersed semiconducting materials. However, because of the strong self-organizing tendency of the deposited materials, the production of semiconducting thin films of high crystallinity (indispensable for realizing high carrier mobility) may be incompatible with conventional printing processes. Here we develop a method that combines the technique of antisolvent crystallization with inkjet printing to produce organic semiconducting thin films of high crystallinity. Specifically, we show that mixing fine droplets of an antisolvent and a solution of an active semiconducting component within a confined area on an amorphous substrate can trigger the controlled formation of exceptionally uniform single-crystal or polycrystalline thin films that grow at the liquid-air interfaces. Using this approach, we have printed single crystals of the organic semiconductor 2,7-dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (C(8)-BTBT) (ref. 15), yielding thin-film transistors with average carrier mobilities as high as 16.4 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1). This printing technique constitutes a major step towards the use of high-performance single-crystal semiconductor devices for large-area and flexible electronics applications.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Nature Energy
                Abbreviated Title: Nat. Energy
                Publisher: Springer Nature
                ISSN (Electronic): 2058-7546
                Publication date Created: September 19 2016
                Publication date (Print): September 19 2016
                Volume: 1
                Issue: 10
                Page: 16142
                Article
                DOI: 10.1038/nenergy.2016.142
                SO-VID: 78255575-3e07-4c5a-86e9-1172b783d0ff
                Copyright © © 2016
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