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      Metales traza en sedimentos costeros de Costa Rica

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          Abstract

          Se determinó la concentración de hierro, plomo, cobre y zinc, en sedimentos de cuatro ecosistemas costeros de Costa Rica, por espectroscopia de absorción atómica, con llama o con horno de grafito. En el Pacífico se escogieron Bahía Culebra (Golfo de Papagayo), el Golfo de Nicoya y la bahía de Golfito (Golfo Dulce) y en el Caribe la bahía de Moín. Las muestras fueron recolectadas entre los años 2000 y 2002, y los valores promedio de las concentraciones de los elementos, en todos los ecosistemas, siguieron una misma tendencia: Fe > Zn > Cu > Pb. No se encontró ningún tipo de patrón temporal de distribución de los metales en ninguno de los ecosistemas. Las concentraciones medias de hierro y de cobre fueron mayores en la bahía de Golfito (5.8% y 87 µg / g, respectivamente) y menores en la bahía de Moín (3.4% y 52 µg / g. respectivamente). La concentración media de zinc fue mayor también en la bahía de Golfito (96 µg / g), pero menor en Bahía Culebra (66 µg / g). La concentración de plomo fue mayor en la bahía de Moín (6.4 µg / g) y menor en Bahía Culebra (3.0 µg / g). La concentración de plomo fue alta en el Caribe y en la bahía de Golfito; los valores de concentración promedio obtenidos para el hierro, el plomo, el cobre y el zinc, fueron máximos en la bahía de Golfito, comparados con los otros ecosistemas. Con base en los datos obtenidos, se concluyó que la Bahía Culebra fue la zona más limpia; la bahía de Golfito la más contaminada y en un lugar intermedio la bahía de Moín y el Golfo de Nicoya

          Translated abstract

          Marine sediment samples from four coastal ecosystems in Costa Rica were taken between the years 2000-2002 and their iron, lead, copper and zinc concentrations were determined by the atomic absorption technique with flame or graphite furnace. In the Pacific coast, Culebra Bay (Papagayo Gulf), Gulf of Nicoya, and Golfito Bay (Dulce Gulf), were selected as representative sites, and Moín Bay, at the Caribbean coast. Mean metal concentrations for all ecosystems followed the same pattern: Fe > Zn > Cu > Pb. No temporal pattern was found for any metal. Iron and copper mean concentrations were higher in Golfito Bay (5.8% and 87 µg / g, respectively) and lower in Moín Bay (3.4% and 52 µg / g, respectively). Zinc mean concentration was also higher in Golfito Bay (96 µg / g), but lower in Culebra Bay (66 µg / g). Lead mean concentration was higher in Moín Bay (6.4 µg / g) and lower in Culebra Bay (3.0 µg / g). Lead highest concentrations occurred in the Caribbean and in Golfito Bay, and for the rest of the elements the maximum values were found in Golfito Bay. On the basis of data obtained in this work, Culebra Bay was considered a relatively unpolluted location; Golfito Bay was more contaminated, and Moín Bay and the Gulf of Nicoya showed an intermediate condition

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          Estadística para Química Analítica

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            Seawater temperature measured at the surface and at two depths (7 and 12 m) in one coral reef at Culebra Bay, Gulf of Papagayo, Costa Rica.

            Superficial seawater temperature (SST) and at two depths (7 and 12 m) were measured non-continuously during the study of the corals and coral reefs of Culebra Bay (1993-1996). SST showed seasonal variations of approximately 4 degrees C. The highest average temperatures (27.0 +/- 0.1, range 23-29 degrees C) were during the rainy season from May to November and the lowest (22.9 +/- 0.3 degrees C, 15.5-29 degrees C) during the dry season from December to April. Cold fronts with 2-3 degrees C differences in SST frequently pass into the bay and remain there for several hours according to the tidal cycles. Differences of approximately 3 degrees C between SST and the bottom (5-10 m depth) were usually found, particularly at locations where bottom topography and tidal circulation produced tidal bores. The average temperatures recorded by data loggers placed at 7 and 12 m depth on a coral reef at the outer shores of Culebra Bay, were 27.1 +/- 0.02 degrees C (20.5-31.6 degrees C) and 25.8 +/- 0.04 (9.9-31.5 degrees C) respectively. The seasonal pattern of higher and lower temperatures corresponds respectively to the rainy and dry season of the northern Pacific coast of Costa Rica. Water temperature at 12 m was or = 22 degrees C. Negative temperature anomalies coincided with an increase of the NE-E winds intensity and there is a lunar and tidal component which influence diumal variations of temperature. These results suggest that coral reefs built by branching species (e.g. Pocillopora spp.) in Culebra Bay could be limited by both the influence of cold fronts and by seasonal upwellings which affect negatively those coral species, as reported for other locations in the tropical eastern Pacific.
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              Marine pollution

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbt
                Revista de Biología Tropical
                Rev. biol. trop
                Universidad de Costa Rica (San José )
                0034-7744
                December 2004
                : 52
                : suppl 2
                : 51-60
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad de Costa Rica Costa Rica
                [2 ] Universidad de Costa Rica Costa Rica
                Article
                S0034-77442004000600006
                788177b3-6ea1-415e-9ecb-067a1ae78eb3

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Costa Rica

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0034-7744&lng=en
                Categories
                Biodiversity Conservation
                Biology

                General life sciences,Animal science & Zoology
                marine pollution,trace metals,Fe,Zn,Cu,Pb,Caribbean,Pacific,Costa Rica
                General life sciences, Animal science & Zoology
                marine pollution, trace metals, Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb, Caribbean, Pacific, Costa Rica

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