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      Diversidad de arañas del suelo y su relación con ambientes heterogéneos del Parque General San Martín, Entre Ríos, Argentina Translated title: Diversity of spiders of soil and their relationship with heterogeneous environments from the Parque General San Martín, Entre Ríos, Argentina

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          Abstract

          Resumen: Se analizó la comunidad de arañas asociada al estrato de suelo en diferentes ambientes y su relación con la heterogeneidad ambiental presente en el Parque General San Martín. Se utilizaron trampas de caídas para recolectar a las arañas en 3 ambientes representativos, durante 2 estaciones del año (2011-2012): bosque nativo (BN), bosque exótico (BE) y pajonal (P), caracterizado por plantas graminiformes. Se recolectaron 1,398 arañas (26 familias y 120 especies/morfoespecies). El P registró la mayor abundancia de arañas (678 individuos), seguido del BE (501) y el BN (219), mientras que la riqueza de especies fue mayor en el BN. Los índices de diversidad mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los ambientes. Las variables de heterogeneidad reflejaron que los BN son los más heterogéneos, disminuyendo hacia el ambiente P y BE como el más homogéneo. Se registraron 8 gremios. Todos los gremios estuvieron presentes en el BN; no se registraron las tejedoras de telas irregulares en el BE, al igual que las cazadoras deambuladoras en el P. Este trabajo constituye la primera aproximación sobre la importancia y los cambios en la diversidad de arañas de suelo en ambientes con diferentes grados de heterogeneidad, producto del avance de especies exóticas en un parque de Entre Ríos.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract: The spider community associated to the ground in different environments and its relationship with environmental heterogeneity in the Parque General San Martín was analyzed. Spiders were captured with pit-fall traps in 3 representative environments of the park, for 2 seasons (2011-2012): native forest (BN), exotic forest (BE) and grasslands (P), characterized by graminiform plants. 1,398 spiders were collected (26 families and 120 species/morphospecies). The highest spider abundance was registered in P (678 individuals), followed by BE (501) and BN (219), while species richness was higher in BN. Diversity indexes showed statistically significant differences among the environments sampled. Heterogeneity variables used in this study showed a higher heterogeneity in BN, followed by P and BE as the most homogenous. Eight guilds were registered. All of the guilds were present in BN, while the sensing web weavers were not recorded in the BE, as well as the ambush hunters in P. This work constitutes the first approach about the importance and changes undergone by the diversity of ground spiders in environments with different degrees of heterogeneity, as a result of the advance of exotic species in a park from Entre Ríos.

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          Undersampling bias: the null hypothesis for singleton species in tropical arthropod surveys.

          1. Frequency of singletons - species represented by single individuals - is anomalously high in most large tropical arthropod surveys (average, 32%). 2. We sampled 5965 adult spiders of 352 species (29% singletons) from 1 ha of lowland tropical moist forest in Guyana. 3. Four common hypotheses (small body size, male-biased sex ratio, cryptic habits, clumped distributions) failed to explain singleton frequency. Singletons are larger than other species, not gender-biased, share no particular lifestyle, and are not clumped at 0.25-1 ha scales. 4. Monte Carlo simulation of the best-fit lognormal community shows that the observed data fit a random sample from a community of approximately 700 species and 1-2 million individuals, implying approximately 4% true singleton frequency. 5. Undersampling causes systematic negative bias of species richness, and should be the default null hypothesis for singleton frequencies. 6. Drastically greater sampling intensity in tropical arthropod inventory studies is required to yield realistic species richness estimates. 7. The lognormal distribution deserves greater consideration as a richness estimator when undersampling bias is severe.
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            Plant Species Diversity in Old-Field Successional Ecosystems in Southern Illinois

            F A Bazzaz (1975)
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              A Possible Method for the Rapid Assessment of Biodiversity

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rmbiodiv
                Revista mexicana de biodiversidad
                Rev. Mex. Biodiv.
                Instituto de Biología (México, DF, Mexico )
                1870-3453
                2007-8706
                2017
                : 88
                : 3
                : 654-663
                Affiliations
                [1] Santa Fe Buenos Aires orgnameConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Argentina
                [2] Santa Fe Santa Fé orgnameUniversidad Nacional del Litoral Argentina
                Article
                S1870-34532017000300654
                10.1016/j.rmb.2017.06.011
                7882b282-c885-44fd-8b59-3bf01f819586

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 21 October 2016
                : 24 April 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 84, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Ecología

                Araneofauna,Bosque exótico,Áreas protegidas,Bosque nativo,Conservación de la biodiversidad,Arachnofauna,Exotic forest,Protected areas,Native forest,Conservation of biodiversity

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