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      Evaluación del etiquetado de alimentos dirigidos a población vegetariana en Colombia Translated title: Evaluation of food labeling targeted to the vegetarian population in Colombia

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción Los alimentos que se comercializan para población vegetariana deben proporcionar los micronutrientes que se están dejando de consumir por eliminar de la dieta los productos de origen animal. En el etiquetado de alimentos dirigidos a esta población debe mostrarse claramente su composición nutricional y otro tipo de información necesaria para una adecuada selección de este tipo de productos. Objetivo: Evaluar el etiquetado de alimentos comercializados para población vegetariana en Colombia. Material y Métodos Se adquirieron productos vegetarianos de análogos cárnicos, sustitutos de quesos, bebidas vegetales y helados vegetales para estimar el cumplimiento de los ítems del etiquetado, analizar la composición nutricional declarada y evaluar el perfil de nutrientes. Se estudió un producto de cada categoría por análisis fisicoquímico, a fin de contrastar la información con lo reportado en el etiquetado nutricional. Resultados Se analizaron 167 productos. Se encontró que el 27% de los productos no cumplió con los lineamientos básicos normativos del etiquetado, además, un 16,8% de éstos no arrojaron datos de aporte de nutrientes. En la composición se observaron grandes diferencias en el aporte nutricional en una misma categoría de producto. Estos alimentos se caracterizaron por bajos aportes de calcio y hierro, y altos de sodio. Respecto al contraste fisicoquímico, hay variaciones superiores al 50% de lo declarado en la etiqueta de varios nutrientes. La mayoría de las bebidas y helados vegetales fueron clasificados como poco saludables. Conclusiones Se requiere mejorar la composición nutricional de los productos dirigidos para población vegetariana proporcionando mayor cantidad de nutrientes que son críticos en esta población.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction Foods marketed for the vegetarian population should provide the micronutrients that they are not taking for having removed the animal source products from their diets. The nutritional composition and other information necessary for making a proper selection of this type of products should be provided in the food labeling aimed for this population. Objective: To evaluate the labeling of foods marketed for the vegetarian population in Colombia. Material and Methods Vegetarian meat-analog products, cheese substitutes, vegetable drinks and vegetable ice creams were purchased to estimate the compliance of the labeling items, analyze their declared nutritional composition and evaluate their nutrient profile. A product from each category was studied by means of physicochemical analysis methods, in order to contrast the results with the information reported in the nutritional labeling. Results 167 products were analyzed. It was found that 27% of the products did not comply to the basic regulatory guidelines of the labeling. In addition, 16.8% of these did not provide data on the intake of nutrients. In the composition, great differences were observed in the nutritional content of equivalent product categories. These foods were characterized by low values of calcium and iron and high values of sodium. Regarding the physicochemical contrast, there are variations greater than 50% from the information declared on the labels of several nutrients. Most vegetable drinks and ice creams were classified as unhealthy. Conclusions It is necessary to improve the nutritional composition of the products aimed at the vegetarian population, providing a greater amount of nutrients that are critical among this population.

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          Most cited references42

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          Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Vegetarian Diets.

          It is the position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics that appropriately planned vegetarian, including vegan, diets are healthful, nutritionally adequate, and may provide health benefits for the prevention and treatment of certain diseases. These diets are appropriate for all stages of the life cycle, including pregnancy, lactation, infancy, childhood, adolescence, older adulthood, and for athletes. Plant-based diets are more environmentally sustainable than diets rich in animal products because they use fewer natural resources and are associated with much less environmental damage. Vegetarians and vegans are at reduced risk of certain health conditions, including ischemic heart disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, certain types of cancer, and obesity. Low intake of saturated fat and high intakes of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, legumes, soy products, nuts, and seeds (all rich in fiber and phytochemicals) are characteristics of vegetarian and vegan diets that produce lower total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and better serum glucose control. These factors contribute to reduction of chronic disease. Vegans need reliable sources of vitamin B-12, such as fortified foods or supplements.
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            Meat analogues: Health promising sustainable meat substitutes.

            There is a scarcity of protein of high biological value due to rapid increase in the world population and limited natural resources. Meat is a good source of protein of high biological value but converting the vegetable protein into animal protein is not economical. There is a trend of production of healthy and delicious meat free food for satisfaction of vegetarian and personal well beings. This resulted in increasing use of low cost vegetable protein such as textured soy protein, mushroom, wheat gluten, pulses etc as a substitute for animal-protein. These simulated meat-like products, with similar texture, flavor, color, and nutritive value can be substituted directly for meat to all sections of the society.
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              Plant-Based Meat Substitutes in the Flexitarian Age: An Audit of Products on Supermarket Shelves

              Demand for plant-based meat substitutes is growing globally for nutritional and environmental reasons, with Australia the third-fastest growing vegan market worldwide. This study aimed to profile and compare plant-based meat substitutes (mimicking meat) with equivalent meat products, and 2015 data. An audit undertaken in May (updated in September 2019) from four metropolitan Sydney supermarkets (Coles, Woolworths, Aldi, IGA), collected nutrition information and Health Star Rating (HSR) from 137 products (50 burgers, 10 mince, 29 sausages, 24 chicken, 9 seafood, 15 other). Mean (± standard deviation (SD)) and median (range) was calculated for nutrients and HSR. Plant-based options were generally lower in kilojoules, total and saturated fat, higher in carbohydrate, sugars, and dietary fibre compared with meat. Only 4% of products were low in sodium (58–1200 mg/100 g). Less than a quarter of products (24%) were fortified with vitamin B12, 20% with iron, and 18% with zinc. HSR featured on 46% (3.6–4.4 stars). On-pack claims were vegetarian/vegan/plant-based (80%), protein (63%), non-genetically modified/organic (34%), gluten free (28%). Product numbers increased five-fold (↑429%) in four years. The plant protein trend has prompted innovation in meat substitutes, however wide nutrient ranges and higher sodium levels highlights the importance of nutrition guidelines in their development to ensure equivalence with animal-based proteins.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                renhyd
                Revista Española de Nutrición Humana y Dietética
                Rev Esp Nutr Hum Diet
                Academia Española de Nutrición y Dietética (Pamplona, Navarra, Spain )
                2173-1292
                2174-5145
                December 2021
                : 25
                : 4
                : 403-418
                Affiliations
                [1] Medellín Antioquía orgnameUniversidad de Antioquia orgdiv1Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética Colombia
                Article
                S2174-51452021000400403 S2174-5145(21)02500400403
                10.14306/renhyd.25.4.1351
                78873d1a-f5c6-4358-bcd0-30a0cb5cb34c

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 18 June 2021
                : 06 May 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 42, Pages: 16
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                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Investigaciones

                Vegetable Products,Dieta Vegetariana,Food Labeling,Nutritive Value,Plant Proteins, Dietary,Diet, Vegetarian,Productos Vegetales,Etiquetado de Alimentos,Valor nutritivo,Proteínas de Vegetales Comestibles

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