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      Maladaptive daydreaming as a new form of behavioral addiction

      case-report

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          Abstract

          Background and aims

          Maladaptive daydreaming (MD) has many features of behavioral addiction, but research exploring this syndrome is limited. This case study provides a qualitative exploration of MD.

          Methods

          A structured clinical interview and mental state examination of a patient with MD were video-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were subjected to the interpretative phenomenological analysis.

          Results

          MD was developed as a strategy to cope with distress but led to uncontrollable absorption in fantasy, social withdrawal, and neglecting aspects of everyday life. It was coupled with excessive Internet use and viewing porn.

          Discussion and conclusions

          Patients should be questioned about MD during clinical assessment. Further studies are necessary to determine whether MD constitutes a separate syndrome or is a part of other behavioral addictions.

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          Most cited references29

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          A ‘components’ model of addiction within a biopsychosocial framework

          Mark Griffiths (2009)
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            Are we overpathologizing everyday life? A tenable blueprint for behavioral addiction research

            Joël Billieux, Adriano Schimmenti, Yasser Khazaal … (2015)
            Background Behavioral addiction research has been particularly flourishing over the last two decades. However, recent publications have suggested that nearly all daily life activities might lead to a genuine addiction. Methods and aim In this article, we discuss how the use of atheoretical and confirmatory research approaches may result in the identification of an unlimited list of “new” behavioral addictions. Results Both methodological and theoretical shortcomings of these studies were discussed. Conclusions We suggested that studies overpathologizing daily life activities are likely to prompt a dismissive appraisal of behavioral addiction research. Consequently, we proposed several roadmaps for future research in the field, centrally highlighting the need for longer tenable behavioral addiction research that shifts from a mere criteria-based approach toward an approach focusing on the psychological processes involved.
            Article 0 comments Cited 309 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Internet gaming addiction: current perspectives

              Daria Kuss (2013)
              In the 2000s, online games became popular, while studies of Internet gaming addiction emerged, outlining the negative consequences of excessive gaming, its prevalence, and associated risk factors. The establishment of specialized treatment centers in South-East Asia, the US, and Europe reflects the growing need for professional help. It is argued that only by understanding the appeal of Internet gaming, its context, and neurobiologic correlates can the phenomenon of Internet gaming addiction be understood comprehensively. The aim of this review is to provide an insight into current perspectives on Internet gaming addiction using a holistic approach, taking into consideration the mass appeal of online games, the context of Internet gaming addiction, and associated neuroimaging findings, as well as the current diagnostic framework adopted by the American Psychiatric Association. The cited research indicates that the individual’s context is a significant factor that marks the dividing line between excessive gaming and gaming addiction, and the game context can gain particular importance for players, depending on their life situation and gaming preferences. Moreover, the cultural context is significant because it embeds the gamer in a community with shared beliefs and practices, endowing their gaming with particular meaning. The cited neuroimaging studies indicate that Internet gaming addiction shares similarities with other addictions, including substance dependence, at the molecular, neurocircuitry, and behavioral levels. The findings provide support for the current perspective of understanding Internet gaming addiction from a disease framework. The benefits of an Internet gaming addiction diagnosis include reliability across research, destigmatization of individuals, development of efficacious treatments, and the creation of an incentive for public health care and insurance providers. The holistic approach adopted here not only highlights empirical research that evidences neurobiologic correlates of Internet gaming addiction and the establishment of a preliminary diagnosis, but also emphasizes the necessity of an indepth understanding of the meaning, context, and practices associated with gaming.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (pmc): jba
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JBA
                Title: Journal of Behavioral Addictions
                Abbreviated Title: J Behav Addict
                Publisher: Akadémiai Kiadó (Budapest )
                ISSN (Print): 2062-5871
                ISSN (Electronic): 2063-5303
                Publication date (Electronic, epub): 21 September 2018
                Publication date (Print, ppub): September 2018
                Volume: 7
                Issue: 3
                Pages: 838-843
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ]Research Centre for Trauma & Dissociation, Katowice Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities , Katowice, Poland
                [ 2 ]Faculty of Psychology, Jagiellonian University , Kraków, Poland
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author: Igor J. Pietkiewicz; Research Centre for Trauma & Dissociation, Katowice Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Techników 9, Katowice 40 326, Poland; Phone: +48 602 648 713; E-mail: ipietkiewicz@ 123456swps.edu.pl
                Article
                DOI: 10.1556/2006.7.2018.95
                PMC ID: 6426361
                PubMed ID: 30238787
                SO-VID: 788a24b0-dc9a-41da-9e4d-5286bf6113b5
                Copyright © © 2018 The Author(s)
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial purposes, provided the original author and source are credited, a link to the CC License is provided, and changes – if any – are indicated.

                History
                Date received : 16 February 2018
                Date revision received : 27 May 2018
                Date: 17 July 2018
                Date accepted : 13 August 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 31, Pages: 6
                Funding
                Funding sources: This publication has been created as part of the project funded by the National Science Centre, Poland, number: 2016/22/E/HS6/00306.
                Categories
                Subject: CASE REPORT

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Evolutionary Biology,Medicine,Psychology,Educational research & Statistics,Social & Behavioral Sciences
                Keywords: addictive behavior,social exclusion,absorption,bullying,maladaptive daydreaming
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Evolutionary Biology, Medicine, Psychology, Educational research & Statistics, Social & Behavioral Sciences
                Keywords: addictive behavior, social exclusion, absorption, bullying, maladaptive daydreaming

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