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      Establishing marine protected areas in Sweden: Internal resistance versus global influence

      review-article
      Author(s): 1 , 2 , 1 ,
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Ambio
      Publisher: Springer Netherlands
      Keywords: Conservation, Marine nature reserve, Protected area, Sustainable use

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          Abstract

          In the past decade, marine protected areas (MPAs) have become an increasingly used tool for science-based conservation and adaptive management of marine biodiversity and related natural resources. In this review paper, we report on rather complete time-course series (55 years uninterrupted) focusing on comparison of the strong difference, in number and area, in establishing marine (56 MNRs) and terrestrial (4284 TNRs) nature reserves in Sweden versus marine (7001 MPAs) and terrestrial (132742 TPAs) protected areas globally. Sweden appears to follow the overall global time trends. The large backlog of MPAs in relation to TPAs is due to several possible reasons, such as (i) unclear marine jurisdiction, (ii) marine conservation policies and programs developed later than terrestrial, (iii) higher costs for marine conservation management, (iv) conflicts in marine conservation, especially the fishery, and (v) the general public's historically weak awareness of the status of the marine environment.

          Electronic supplementary material

          The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13280-017-0932-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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          Complexities of conflict: the importance of considering social factors for effectively resolving human-wildlife conflict

          A. J. Dickman (2010)
          Article 0 comments Cited 335 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Designing marine reserve networks for both conservation and fisheries management.

            Steven D Gaines, Crow White, Mark Carr … (2010)
            Marine protected areas (MPAs) that exclude fishing have been shown repeatedly to enhance the abundance, size, and diversity of species. These benefits, however, mean little to most marine species, because individual protected areas typically are small. To meet the larger-scale conservation challenges facing ocean ecosystems, several nations are expanding the benefits of individual protected areas by building networks of protected areas. Doing so successfully requires a detailed understanding of the ecological and physical characteristics of ocean ecosystems and the responses of humans to spatial closures. There has been enormous scientific interest in these topics, and frameworks for the design of MPA networks for meeting conservation and fishery management goals are emerging. Persistent in the literature is the perception of an inherent tradeoff between achieving conservation and fishery goals. Through a synthetic analysis across these conservation and bioeconomic studies, we construct guidelines for MPA network design that reduce or eliminate this tradeoff. We present size, spacing, location, and configuration guidelines for designing networks that simultaneously can enhance biological conservation and reduce fishery costs or even increase fishery yields and profits. Indeed, in some settings, a well-designed MPA network is critical to the optimal harvest strategy. When reserves benefit fisheries, the optimal area in reserves is moderately large (mode ≈30%). Assessing network design principals is limited currently by the absence of empirical data from large-scale networks. Emerging networks will soon rectify this constraint.
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              The importance of marine spatial planning in advancing ecosystem-based sea use management

              Fanny Douvere (2008)
              Article 0 comments Cited 182 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Kjell Grip: bkjell.grip@swipnet.se
                Bio :
                Kjell Grip

                is a doctoral candidate at the Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University in Sweden. His interest includes conservation biology and marine environmental planning and management.

                Sven Blomqvist: sven.blomqvist@su.se
                Bio :
                Sven Blomqvist

                is an Associate Professor in Systems Ecology, at Stockholm University. He has a broad research interest in aquatic ecology and environmental geochemistry.

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Ambio
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Ambio
                Title: Ambio
                Publisher: Springer Netherlands (Dordrecht )
                ISSN (Print): 0044-7447
                ISSN (Electronic): 1654-7209
                Publication date (Electronic): 29 July 2017
                Publication date PMC-release: 29 July 2017
                Publication date (Print): February 2018
                Volume: 47
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 1-14
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1936 9377, GRID grid.10548.38, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, , Stockholm University, ; 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
                [2 ]Mandelblomsgatan 11, 745 36 Enköping, Sweden
                Article
                Publisher ID: 932
                DOI: 10.1007/s13280-017-0932-8
                PMC ID: 5709261
                PubMed ID: 28756565
                SO-VID: 789bd5ec-aac1-4b8e-9a34-63de6fa187ec
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2017
                License:

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

                History
                Date received : 16 December 2016
                Date revision received : 13 May 2017
                Date accepted : 28 June 2017
                Categories
                Subject: Review
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences 2018

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Sociology
                Keywords: conservation,marine nature reserve,protected area,sustainable use
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Sociology
                Keywords: conservation, marine nature reserve, protected area, sustainable use

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