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      Screening for Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency in Tunisian subjects with obstructive lung disease: a feasibility report

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          Abstract

          Background

          AATD is one of the most common inherited disorders in the World. However, it is generally accepted that AATD in North African populations is not a risk factor for lung and/or liver disease, based on a number of small studies. We therefore planned a screening study for detection of AATD in patients with OLD in a cohort of patients from Kairouan in central Tunisia. Methods: One hundred twenty patients with OLD (asthma, emphysema, COPD) were enrolled in the screening programme. Laboratory diagnosis for AATD was performed according to current diagnostic standards.

          Results

          We found that 6/120 OLD patients carried an AAT deficient allele, 1 PI*MZ, 1 PI*MPlowel, 3 PI*MMmalton, 1 PI*MMwurzburg.

          Conclusion

          this pilot study demonstrated that alleles related to deficiency of AAT are not absent in the Tunisian population, and that rare AATD variants prevailed over commonest PI*Z variant. These results would support a larger scale screening for AATD in Tunisia.

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          Most cited references29

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          Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, emphysema, and liver disease. Genetic basis and strategies for therapy.

          Ronald G. Crystal (1990)
          Article 0 comments Cited 67 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Worldwide racial and ethnic distribution of alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency: summary of an analysis of published genetic epidemiologic surveys.

            F Serres (2002)
            Alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is a genetic disease that is widely known in Europe as a disease of white individuals, who, along with their descendants in other parts of the world, are at the highest risk for liver and/or lung disease. There is a limited database of individuals affected by this disease worldwide. It has been estimated, for example, that there are 70,000 to 100,00 individuals affected in the United States, with comparable numbers in Europe. Genetic epidemiologic studies in the peer-reviewed literature have been used in an exploratory study to estimate the number of carriers and the number of those individuals who are homozygous or heterozygous for the two most common defective alleles for AAT deficiency in 58 individual countries. The total country database of 373 control cohorts has been combined to estimate the numbers of carriers and deficiency allele combinations for PiS and PiZ in 11 geographic regions and worldwide. The study was designed to be illustrative rather than comprehensive, and more detailed publication of the enormous database developed in this exploratory study is planned. The database presented indicates that in a total population of 4.4 billion in the countries surveyed worldwide, there are at least 116 million carriers (PiMS and PiMZ) and 3.4 million deficiency allele combinations (PiSS, PiSZ, and PiZZ). Furthermore, this database demonstrates that AAT deficiency is found in various populations of African blacks, Arabs and Jews in the Middle East, whites in Australia/New Zealand, Europe, and North America, central Asians, far east Asians, and southeast Asians. These data demonstrate that AAT deficiency is not just a disease of whites in Europe, but that it affects individuals in all racial subgroups worldwide. In addition, AAT deficiency may be one of the most common serious hereditary disorders in the world.
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              The Electrophoretic α;1-Globulin Pattern of Serum in α;1-Antitrypsin Deficiency

              C Laurell, L Eriksson (1963)
              Article 0 comments Cited 47 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Orphanet J Rare Dis
                Title: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases
                Publisher: BioMed Central
                ISSN (Electronic): 1750-1172
                Publication date Collection: 2009
                Publication date (Electronic): 15 April 2009
                Volume: 4
                Page: 12
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, AV. Avicienne 1, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
                [2 ]Center for Diagnosis of Inherited Alpha1-antirtypsin Deficiency, Institute for Respiratory Disease, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Piazza Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
                [3 ]Pediatric Department, Ibn El Jazzar Hospital, Av Ibn El Jazzar, 3100 Kairouan, Tunisia
                [4 ]Pulmonology Department, CHU Tahar Sfar, 5111 Mahdia, Tunisia
                Article
                Publisher ID: 1750-1172-4-12
                DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-4-12
                PMC ID: 2672056
                PubMed ID: 19368725
                SO-VID: 789db569-7e3b-442d-91fb-972eef03781a
                Copyright © Copyright © 2009 Denden et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 27 November 2008
                Date accepted : 15 April 2009
                Categories
                Subject: Research

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology

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