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Abstract
This review summarizes the existing knowledge on the occurrence of tire wear particles
in the environment, and their ecotoxicological effects. A meta-analysis on tire components
in the environment revealed that tire wear particles are present in all environmental
compartments, including air, water, soils/sediments, and biota. The maximum Predicted
Environmental Concentrations (PECs) of tire wear particles in surface waters range
from 0.03 to 56 mg l(-1) and the maximum PECs in sediments range from 0.3 to 155 g
kg(-1) d.w. The results from our previous long-term studies with Ceriodaphnia dubia
and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata were used to derive Predicted No Effect Concentrations
(PNECs). The upper ranges for PEC/PNEC ratios in water and sediment were >1, meaning
that tire wear particles present potential risks for aquatic organisms. We suggest
that management should be directed towards development and production of more environmentally
friendly tires and improved road runoff treatment.