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      Effect of Donor/Recipient Body Weight Mismatch on Patient and Graft Outcome in Living-Donor Kidney Transplantation

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          Abstract

          Background/Aims: There have been conflicting reports showing that kidneys from small donors may be at risk for graft loss if they are transplanted into large recipients. The aim of this work was to examine the donor/recipient body weight ratio (D/RBWR) on patient and graft outcome. Methods: During the period from January 1990 to January 2002, 856 kidney transplants were performed. Of these, 776 kidney transplant recipients were selected after exclusion of pediatric, second transplant patients and those with a body mass index of ≧35. All patients achieved a minimum follow-up of 1-year. According to D/RBWR, patients were divided into 3 groups: low (≤0.9), medium (0.91–1.2) and high (≧1.2). Data were collected on graft function, acute and chronic rejection, post-transplant complications, and 1- and 5-year graft and patient survival. Results: There was a statistically significant increase in the incidence of chronic rejection, post-transplant hypertension and diabetes mellitus in the low group. The incidence and frequency of acute rejection episodes were nearly the same in the 3 groups. Graft function, estimated by serum creatinine at 1 year, was significantly lower in the low group. The 5-year graft and patient survival was 71, 80, 88 and 81, 85 and 92%, in the low, medium and high groups, respectively. Conclusions: We conclude that a low D/RBWR may contribute to inferior long-term renal allograft survival. The hyperfiltration hypothesis due to low nephron mass in the low D/RBWR group may explain these findings.

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          Obesity does not portend a bad outcome for kidney transplant recipients.

          Kidney transplant programs may avoid transplantation in obese patients because of reports indicating that obese patients have poorer outcomes than do nonobese patients. We recently reviewed our experience.
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            Impact of donor nephron mass on outcomes in renal transplantation.

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              Fit and match hypothesis for kidney transplantation.

              The importance of HLA matching for cadaver-donor transplants is often ignored due to the small (10%) difference in graft survival rates between the best and worst matched pairs. A new "fit and match" hypothesis is proposed to improve the predictive value of matching. Graft and functional survival rates of kidney transplants were calculated for living and cadaver-donors by the standard Kaplan and Meier methods. Mean discharge serum creatinine (SCr) values were computed after excluding patients who died or lost their grafts before discharge. Donor size, recipient size, age of donor kidney, damage caused by cold ischemia time, and mode of donor death all had substantial effects on the average SCr levels at discharge. These SCr levels correlated with one- and five-year graft survival rates. Transplants that had extremely different graft survival rates, such as those from living donors and cadaver donors, were found to have similar rates when reclassified by SCr levels at discharge. By examining the combined effects of the fit and match factors, transplants with the best fit and match exhibited a 95% one-year graft survival rate, whereas those with the worst fit and match had a 75% survival rate. This 20% difference increased to 36% after five years (84% vs. 48%). We conclude that the fit and match hypothesis provides a theoretical basis for devising a more critical method of predicting cadaver kidney transplant survival rates. Furthermore, it suggests a vital need to develop methods for estimating functional donor renal mass.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                AJN
                Am J Nephrol
                10.1159/issn.0250-8095
                American Journal of Nephrology
                S. Karger AG
                0250-8095
                1421-9670
                2003
                October 2003
                08 September 2003
                : 23
                : 5
                : 294-299
                Affiliations
                Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
                Article
                72819 Am J Nephrol 2003;23:294–299
                10.1159/000072819
                12902614
                78b975d1-58c1-46b0-b2b2-337e101d6972
                © 2003 S. Karger AG, Basel

                Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                : 09 April 2003
                : 02 June 2003
                Page count
                Tables: 5, References: 22, Pages: 6
                Categories
                Original Article: Patient-Oriented, Translational Research

                Cardiovascular Medicine,Nephrology
                Living donor,Weight,Kidney transplantation
                Cardiovascular Medicine, Nephrology
                Living donor, Weight, Kidney transplantation

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