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      Climate deteriorations and Neanderthal demise in interior Iberia

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          Abstract

          Time and circumstances for the disappearance of Neanderthals and its relationship with the advent of Modern Humans are not yet sufficiently resolved, especially in case of the Iberian Peninsula. Reconstructing palaeoenvironmental conditions during the last glacial period is crucial to clarifying whether climate deteriorations or competition and contacts with Modern Humans played the pivotal role in driving Neanderthals to extinction. A high-resolution loess record from the Upper Tagus Basin in central Spain demonstrates that the Neanderthal abandonment of inner Iberian territories 42 kyr ago coincided with the evolvement of hostile environmental conditions, while archaeological evidence testifies that this desertion took place regardless of modern humans’ activities. According to stratigraphic findings and stable isotope analyses, this period corresponded to the driest environmental conditions of the last glacial apart from an even drier period linked to Heinrich Stadial 3. Our results show that during Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 4 and 2 climate deteriorations in interior Iberia temporally coincided with northern hemisphere cold periods (Heinrich stadials). Solely during the middle MIS 3, in a period surrounding 42 kyr ago, this relation seems not straightforward, which may demonstrate the complexity of terrestrial climate conditions during glacial periods.

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          A Pervasive Millennial-Scale Cycle in North Atlantic Holocene and Glacial Climates

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                daniel_wolf@tu-dresden.de
                Journal
                Sci Rep
                Sci Rep
                Scientific Reports
                Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                2045-2322
                4 May 2018
                4 May 2018
                2018
                : 8
                : 7048
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2111 7257, GRID grid.4488.0, Institute of Geography, , Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 10, ; D-01069 Dresden, Germany
                [2 ]ISNI 0000 0004 0467 6972, GRID grid.7384.8, Institute of Geography, , Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, ; D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
                [3 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1937 0239, GRID grid.7159.a, Área de Prehistoria, , Universidad de Alcalá, Calle Colegios 2, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, ; Madrid, Spain
                [4 ]GRID grid.181108.1, Neanderthal Museum, Talstraße 300, ; 40822 Mettmann, Germany
                [5 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2194 2329, GRID grid.8048.4, Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y de la Edificación, , E.T.S.I. Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, ; Ciudad Real, Spain
                [6 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0726 5157, GRID grid.5734.5, Institute of Geography and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, , University of Bern, Hallerstr. 12, ; CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
                [7 ]ISNI 0000 0001 1939 2794, GRID grid.9613.d, Institute of Geography, , Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Löbdergraben 32, ; D-07743 Jena, Germany
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6291-9512
                Article
                25343
                10.1038/s41598-018-25343-6
                5935692
                29728579
                78e79a57-b4ca-4be6-881c-454a1c72e6f2
                © The Author(s) 2018

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 20 September 2017
                : 17 April 2018
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