93
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: not found

      Organ distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) associated coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) in SARS patients: implications for pathogenesis and virus transmission pathways

      research-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          We previously identified the major pathological changes in the respiratory and immune systems of patients who died of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) but gained little information on the organ distribution of SARS‐associated coronavirus (SARS‐CoV). In the present study, we used a murine monoclonal antibody specific for SARS‐CoV nucleoprotein, and probes specific for a SARS‐CoV RNA polymerase gene fragment, for immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, respectively, to detect SARS‐CoV systematically in tissues from patients who died of SARS. SARS‐CoV was found in lung, trachea/bronchus, stomach, small intestine, distal convoluted renal tubule, sweat gland, parathyroid, pituitary, pancreas, adrenal gland, liver and cerebrum, but was not detected in oesophagus, spleen, lymph node, bone marrow, heart, aorta, cerebellum, thyroid, testis, ovary, uterus or muscle. These results suggest that, in addition to the respiratory system, the gastrointestinal tract and other organs with detectable SARS‐CoV may also be targets of SARS‐CoV infection. The pathological changes in these organs may be caused directly by the cytopathic effect mediated by local replication of the SARS‐CoV; or indirectly as a result of systemic responses to respiratory failure or the harmful immune response induced by viral infection. In addition to viral spread through a respiratory route, SARS‐CoV in the intestinal tract, kidney and sweat glands may be excreted via faeces, urine and sweat, thereby leading to virus transmission. This study provides important information for understanding the pathogenesis of SARS‐CoV infection and sheds light on possible virus transmission pathways. This data will be useful for designing new strategies for prevention and treatment of SARS. Copyright © 2004 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

          Related collections

          Most cited references17

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Identification of a Novel Coronavirus in Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

          The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has recently been identified as a new clinical entity. SARS is thought to be caused by an unknown infectious agent. Clinical specimens from patients with SARS were searched for unknown viruses with the use of cell cultures and molecular techniques. A novel coronavirus was identified in patients with SARS. The virus was isolated in cell culture, and a sequence 300 nucleotides in length was obtained by a polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR)-based random-amplification procedure. Genetic characterization indicated that the virus is only distantly related to known coronaviruses (identical in 50 to 60 percent of the nucleotide sequence). On the basis of the obtained sequence, conventional and real-time PCR assays for specific and sensitive detection of the novel virus were established. Virus was detected in a variety of clinical specimens from patients with SARS but not in controls. High concentrations of viral RNA of up to 100 million molecules per milliliter were found in sputum. Viral RNA was also detected at extremely low concentrations in plasma during the acute phase and in feces during the late convalescent phase. Infected patients showed seroconversion on the Vero cells in which the virus was isolated. The novel coronavirus might have a role in causing SARS. Copyright 2003 Massachusetts Medical Society
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            A novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome.

            A worldwide outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has been associated with exposures originating from a single ill health care worker from Guangdong Province, China. We conducted studies to identify the etiologic agent of this outbreak. We received clinical specimens from patients in seven countries and tested them, using virus-isolation techniques, electron-microscopical and histologic studies, and molecular and serologic assays, in an attempt to identify a wide range of potential pathogens. None of the previously described respiratory pathogens were consistently identified. However, a novel coronavirus was isolated from patients who met the case definition of SARS. Cytopathological features were noted in Vero E6 cells inoculated with a throat-swab specimen. Electron-microscopical examination revealed ultrastructural features characteristic of coronaviruses. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining revealed reactivity with group I coronavirus polyclonal antibodies. Consensus coronavirus primers designed to amplify a fragment of the polymerase gene by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to obtain a sequence that clearly identified the isolate as a unique coronavirus only distantly related to previously sequenced coronaviruses. With specific diagnostic RT-PCR primers we identified several identical nucleotide sequences in 12 patients from several locations, a finding consistent with a point-source outbreak. Indirect fluorescence antibody tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays made with the new isolate have been used to demonstrate a virus-specific serologic response. This virus may never before have circulated in the U.S. population. A novel coronavirus is associated with this outbreak, and the evidence indicates that this virus has an etiologic role in SARS. Because of the death of Dr. Carlo Urbani, we propose that our first isolate be named the Urbani strain of SARS-associated coronavirus. Copyright 2003 Massachusetts Medical Society
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Characterization of a novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome.

              P Rota (2003)
              In March 2003, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV) was discovered in association with cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The sequence of the complete genome of SARS-CoV was determined, and the initial characterization of the viral genome is presented in this report. The genome of SARS-CoV is 29,727 nucleotides in length and has 11 open reading frames, and its genome organization is similar to that of other coronaviruses. Phylogenetic analyses and sequence comparisons showed that SARS-CoV is not closely related to any of the previously characterized coronaviruses.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                dyq@fimmu.com
                sjiang@nybloodcenter.org
                Journal
                J Pathol
                J. Pathol
                10.1002/(ISSN)1096-9896
                PATH
                The Journal of Pathology
                John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Chichester, UK )
                0022-3417
                1096-9896
                07 May 2004
                June 2004
                : 203
                : 2 ( doiID: 10.1002/path.v203:2 )
                : 622-630
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ]Department of Pathology, Nan Fang Hospital, First Military Medical University, Guangzhou, China
                [ 2 ]Department of Infectious Diseases, Nan Fang Hospital, First Military Medical University, Guangzhou, China
                [ 3 ]Centre Laboratory, Zhujiang Hospital, First Military Medical University, Guangzhou, China
                [ 4 ]Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, USA
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Yanqing Ding, Department of Pathology, First Military Medical University, Guangzhou 5101515, China.

                Shibo Jiang, Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, 310 East 67th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.

                Article
                PATH1560
                10.1002/path.1560
                7167761
                15141376
                78ec1312-51a9-486f-b2db-8b7833826a2a
                Copyright © 2004 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

                This article is being made freely available through PubMed Central as part of the COVID-19 public health emergency response. It can be used for unrestricted research re-use and analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source, for the duration of the public health emergency.

                History
                : 14 January 2004
                : 08 February 2004
                : 12 February 2004
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 1, References: 31, Pages: 9
                Funding
                Funded by: Chinese National Foundation of Natural Sciences
                Award ID: 30340015
                Funded by: Military Foundation of Medical Science
                Award ID: 03F016‐2
                Funded by: Foundation of Natural Sciences of Guangdong Province
                Award ID: GD2003‐80
                Categories
                Rapid Communication
                Rapid Communications
                Custom metadata
                2.0
                June 2004
                Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:5.8.0 mode:remove_FC converted:15.04.2020

                Pathology
                sars,sars‐cov,distribution,detection,pathogenesis,transmission
                Pathology
                sars, sars‐cov, distribution, detection, pathogenesis, transmission

                Comments

                Comment on this article