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      Emergency Surgery in Urology during the COVID-19 Pandemic

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          ABSTRACT

          Proposal:

          To highlight the indications for emergency surgery during the 2019 Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) that support recommendations published in midMarch 2020 by the American Confederation of Urology on its website.

          Materials and Methods:

          A bibliographic search was conducted in PubMed and Cochrane Library to perform a non-systematic review, using key words: Urology, Emergency and COVID-19, to determine recommendations for patients that should receive emergency care due to urological pathology.

          Results:

          The main recommendations and protocols in the management of different urological emergencies during the COVID-19 pandemic are reviewed and discussed.

          Conclusions:

          We are living a new condition with the COVID-19 pandemic, which obliges urologists to conform to the guidelines that appear on a daily basis formulated by multidisciplinary surgical groups to manage urological emergencies. Consequently, in this time of health crisis, we must adapt to the resources available, implementing all biosecurity measures to protect patients and all health personnel who are in charge of patient management.

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          World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19)

          Catrin Sohrabi, Zaid Alsafi, Niamh O'Neill … (2020)
          An unprecedented outbreak of pneumonia of unknown aetiology in Wuhan City, Hubei province in China emerged in December 2019. A novel coronavirus was identified as the causative agent and was subsequently termed COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO). Considered a relative of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), COVID-19 is caused by a betacoronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 that affects the lower respiratory tract and manifests as pneumonia in humans. Despite rigorous global containment and quarantine efforts, the incidence of COVID-19 continues to rise, with 90,870 laboratory-confirmed cases and over 3,000 deaths worldwide. In response to this global outbreak, we summarise the current state of knowledge surrounding COVID-19.
          Article 0 comments Cited 2166 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in Patients With Cancer at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Wuhan, China

            Jing Yu, Wen Ouyang, Melvin Chua … (2020)
            This cross-sectional study reviews the medical records of 1524 patients with cancer treated at a single tertiary care hospital in Wuhan, China, to evaluate the characteristics associated with transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
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              A Practical Approach to the Management of Cancer Patients During the Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 ( COVID ‐19) Pandemic: An International Collaborative Group

              Humaid O. Al-Shamsi, Waleed Alhazzani, Ahmad Alhuraiji … (2020)
              Abstract The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has rapidly spread globally since being identified as a public health emergency of major international concern and has now been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). In December 2019, an outbreak of atypical pneumonia, known as COVID‐19, was identified in Wuhan, China. The newly identified zoonotic coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), is characterized by rapid human‐to‐human transmission. Many cancer patients frequently visit the hospital for treatment and disease surveillance. They may be immunocompromised due to the underlying malignancy or anticancer therapy and are at higher risk of developing infections. Several factors increase the risk of infection, and cancer patients commonly have multiple risk factors. Cancer patients appear to have an estimated twofold increased risk of contracting SARS‐CoV‐2 than the general population. With the WHO declaring the novel coronavirus outbreak a pandemic, there is an urgent need to address the impact of such a pandemic on cancer patients. This include changes to resource allocation, clinical care, and the consent process during a pandemic. Currently and due to limited data, there are no international guidelines to address the management of cancer patients in any infectious pandemic. In this review, the potential challenges associated with managing cancer patients during the COVID‐19 infection pandemic will be addressed, with suggestions of some practical approaches. Implications for Practice The main management strategies for treating cancer patients during the COVID‐19 epidemic include clear communication and education about hand hygiene, infection control measures, high‐risk exposure, and the signs and symptoms of COVID‐19. Consideration of risk and benefit for active intervention in the cancer population must be individualized. Postponing elective surgery or adjuvant chemotherapy for cancer patients with low risk of progression should be considered on a case‐by‐case basis. Minimizing outpatient visits can help to mitigate exposure and possible further transmission. Telemedicine may be used to support patients to minimize number of visits and risk of exposure. More research is needed to better understand SARS‐CoV‐2 virology and epidemiology.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int Braz J Urol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int Braz J Urol
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ibju
                Title: International Brazilian Journal of Urology : official journal of the Brazilian Society of Urology
                Publisher: Sociedade Brasileira de Urologia
                ISSN (Print): 1677-5538
                ISSN (Electronic): 1677-6119
                Publication date (Electronic): 27 July 2020
                Publication date Collection: 2020
                Volume: 46
                Issue: Suppl 1
                Pages: 201-206
                Affiliations
                [1 ] orgname“Los Olivos” Clinic Urology Service Cochabamba Bolivia original“Los Olivos” Clinic Urology Service, Cochabamba, Bolivia
                [2 ] orgnameUniversidad Mayor de San Simón Cochabamba Bolivia originalUniversidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia
                [3 ] orgnameUniversity Hospital Fundación Jimenez Diaz orgdiv1Department of Urology Madrid Spain originalDepartment of Urology, University Hospital Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
                Author notes
                Correspondence address: Marcelo Torrieco de la Reza, MD, Urology Service, Los Olivos Clinic, Universidad Mayor de San Simón Cochabamba, Bolivia. E-mail: m.torrfco@ 123456caunet.org

                CONFLICT OF INTEREST

                None declared.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6412-3577
                Article
                Publisher ID: S1677-5538.IBJU.2020.S125
                DOI: 10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2020.S125
                PMC ID: 7719990
                PubMed ID: 32618465
                SO-VID: 7934bf6d-8a6e-4f07-9501-6cfe8f7971a5
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 25 April 2020
                Date accepted : 10 May 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 2, Equations: 0, References: 14, Pages: 6
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                Keywords: urology,emergencies,covid-19 diagnostic testing [supplementary concept]
                Data availability:
                Keywords: urology, emergencies, covid-19 diagnostic testing [supplementary concept]

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