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      Machine learning-assisted lens-loaded cavity response optimization for improved direction-of-arrival estimation

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          Abstract

          This paper presents a millimeter-wave direction of arrival estimation (DoA) technique powered by dynamic aperture optimization. The frequency-diverse medium in this work is a lens-loaded oversized mmWave cavity that hosts quasi-random wave-chaotic radiation modes. The presence of the lens is shown to confine the radiation within the field of view and improve the gain of each radiation mode; hence, enhancing the accuracy of the DoA estimation. It is also shown, for the first time, that a lens loaded-cavity can be transformed into a lens-loaded dynamic aperture by introducing a mechanically controlled mode-mixing mechanism inside the cavity. This work also proposes a way of optimizing this lens-loaded dynamic aperture by exploiting the mode mixing mechanism governed by a machine learning-assisted evolutionary algorithm. The concept is verified by a series of extensive simulations of the dynamic aperture states obtained via the machine learning-assisted evolutionary optimization technique. The simulation results show a 25 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\%$$\end{document} improvement in the conditioning for the DoA estimation using the proposed technique.

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          Most cited references41

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          Re-epithelialization and immune cell behaviour in an ex vivo human skin model

          A large body of literature is available on wound healing in humans. Nonetheless, a standardized ex vivo wound model without disruption of the dermal compartment has not been put forward with compelling justification. Here, we present a novel wound model based on application of negative pressure and its effects for epidermal regeneration and immune cell behaviour. Importantly, the basement membrane remained intact after blister roof removal and keratinocytes were absent in the wounded area. Upon six days of culture, the wound was covered with one to three-cell thick K14+Ki67+ keratinocyte layers, indicating that proliferation and migration were involved in wound closure. After eight to twelve days, a multi-layered epidermis was formed expressing epidermal differentiation markers (K10, filaggrin, DSG-1, CDSN). Investigations about immune cell-specific manners revealed more T cells in the blister roof epidermis compared to normal epidermis. We identified several cell populations in blister roof epidermis and suction blister fluid that are absent in normal epidermis which correlated with their decrease in the dermis, indicating a dermal efflux upon negative pressure. Together, our model recapitulates the main features of epithelial wound regeneration, and can be applied for testing wound healing therapies and investigating underlying mechanisms.
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            :{unav)

            Journal of Global Optimization, 11(4), 341-359
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              Single- and multiobjective evolutionary optimization assisted by Gaussian random field metamodels

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                m.abbasi@qub.ac.uk
                Journal
                Sci Rep
                Sci Rep
                Scientific Reports
                Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                2045-2322
                20 May 2022
                20 May 2022
                2022
                : 12
                : 8511
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.4777.3, ISNI 0000 0004 0374 7521, Institute of Electronics, Communications and Information Technology (ECIT), , Queen’s University Belfast, ; Belfast, UK
                [2 ]GRID grid.4862.8, ISNI 0000 0001 0729 939X, Faculty of Arts, Science and Technology, , Wrexham Glyndŵr University, ; Wrexham, LL11 2AW UK
                [3 ]GRID grid.8756.c, ISNI 0000 0001 2193 314X, James Watt School of Engineering, , University of Glasgow, ; Glasgow, UK
                Article
                12011
                10.1038/s41598-022-12011-z
                9122914
                7973b041-6481-43ae-93fd-bf89fab70acd
                © The Author(s) 2022

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 2 December 2021
                : 15 April 2022
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000266, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council;
                Award ID: EP/P000673/1
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000275, Leverhulme Trust;
                Award ID: RL-2019-019
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Article
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                © The Author(s) 2022

                Uncategorized
                applied physics,techniques and instrumentation,electrical and electronic engineering

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