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      Functioning of psychopathy and trait aggression as predictive variables of criminal recidivism Translated title: Funcionamiento de la psicopatía y de la agresividad rasgo como factores implicados en la reincidencia delictiva

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          Abstract

          Abstract: This study analyzes several measures of aggression and psychopathy as possible factors involved in criminal recidivism. Sociodemographic data as well as aggression and psychopathy trait measures (CA, IPAS and TRIp) were obtained in a sample of 110 male inmates of a prison in Castilla-La Mancha (Spain). The sample consisted of two groups of 55 subjects, characterized by the presence or absence of mental disorder. A total of 55.8% of the participants were persistent offenders. Recidivism showed a statistically significant association (p <0.05) with most of the dimensions studied for aggression, with higher scores on this variable in the group of reoffenders and in the group of inmates diagnosed with mental disorder. The variable that best predicted the likelihood of re-offending was psychopathic meanness. No statistically significant differences were found between the presence of a mental disorder and recidivism, although a greater percentage of recidivists presented a mental disorder (63.6%). Inmates with mental illness have a higher risk of criminal recidivism and this risk is associated with higher scores in trait aggression as well as higher scores in disinhibition and psychopathic meanness

          Translated abstract

          Resumen: En el presente estudio se analizan varias medidas de agresividad y de psicopatía como posibles factores implicados en la reincidencia penitenciaria. Se obtuvieron datos sociodemográficos así como de agresividad y de psicopatía (CA, IPAS y TRIp) en una muestra de 110 varones internos de un centro penitenciario de Castilla-La Mancha (España). La muestra estuvo formada por dos grupos de 55 sujetos, caracterizados por presentar, o no, trastorno mental. Un 55.8% de los participantes eran reincidentes. La reincidencia mostró una asociación estadísticamente significativa (p<0.05) con la mayoría de las dimensiones estudiadas de agresividad, con cifras superiores en esta variable en el grupo de reincidentes así como en el grupo de internos diagnosticados con trastorno mental. La variable que mejor predijo la probabilidad de reincidir fue la mezquindad psicopática. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la presencia de un trastorno mental y la reincidencia, aunque se observa que entre los reincidentes existe una mayor proporción de personas con un trastorno mental (63.6%). Los reclusos con enfermedad mental presentan un mayor riesgo de reincidencia delictiva y ese riesgo está asociado a mayores puntuaciones en agresividad rasgo así como con mayores puntuaciones en desinhibición y mezquindad psicopática.

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          The prediction of criminal and violent recidivism among mentally disordered offenders: a meta-analysis.

          A meta-analysis was conducted to examine whether the predictors of recidivism for mentally disordered offenders are different from the predictors for nondisordered offenders. Effect sizes were calculated for 35 predictors of general recidivism and 27 predictors of violent recidivism drawn from 64 unique samples. The results showed that the major predictors of recidivism were the same for mentally disordered offenders as for nondisordered offenders. Criminal history variables were the best predictors, and clinical variables showed the smallest effect sizes. The findings suggest that the risk assessment of mentally disordered offenders can be enhanced with more attention to the social psychological criminological literature and less reliance on models of psychopathology.
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            The efficacy of violence prediction: a meta-analytic comparison of nine risk assessment tools.

            Actuarial risk assessment tools are used extensively to predict future violence, but previous studies comparing their predictive accuracies have produced inconsistent findings as a result of various methodological issues. We conducted meta-analyses of the effect sizes of 9 commonly used risk assessment tools and their subscales to compare their predictive efficacies for violence. The effect sizes were extracted from 28 original reports published between 1999 and 2008, which assessed the predictive accuracy of more than one tool. We used a within-subject design to improve statistical power and multilevel regression models to disentangle random effects of variation between studies and tools and to adjust for study features. All 9 tools and their subscales predicted violence at about the same moderate level of predictive efficacy with the exception of Psychopathy Checklist--Revised (PCL-R) Factor 1, which predicted violence only at chance level among men. Approximately 25% of the total variance was due to differences between tools, whereas approximately 85% of heterogeneity between studies was explained by methodological features (age, length of follow-up, different types of violent outcome, sex, and sex-related interactions). Sex-differentiated efficacy was found for a small number of the tools. If the intention is only to predict future violence, then the 9 tools are essentially interchangeable; the selection of which tool to use in practice should depend on what other functions the tool can perform rather than on its efficacy in predicting violence. The moderate level of predictive accuracy of these tools suggests that they should not be used solely for some criminal justice decision making that requires a very high level of accuracy such as preventive detention.
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              A META-ANALYSIS OF THE PREDICTORS OF ADULT OFFENDER RECIDIVISM: WHAT WORKS!*

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ap
                Anales de Psicología
                Anal. Psicol.
                Universidad de Murcia (Murcia, Murcia, Spain )
                0212-9728
                1695-2294
                2019
                : 35
                : 3
                : 364-370
                Affiliations
                [3] Talavera de la Reina orgnameUniversidad de Castilla-La Mancha orgdiv1Department of Medical Sciences, School of Health Sciences Spain
                [5] Albacete orgnameUniversity of Castilla La Mancha orgdiv1School of Medicine orgdiv2Department of Psychology Spain
                [2] Talavera de la Reina Toledo orgnameCastilla-La Mancha Health Services orgdiv1Integrated Care Management at Talavera de la Reina Spain
                [1] Talavera de la Reina orgnameUniversidad de Castilla-La Mancha orgdiv1Faculty of occupational therapy, speech therapy and nursing orgdiv2Department of nursing, physiotherapy and occupational therapy Spain
                [4] Talavera de la Reina orgnameUniversidad de Castilla-La Mancha orgdiv1Faculty of occupational therapy, speech therapy and nursing orgdiv2Department of Psychology Spain
                Article
                S0212-97282019000300002 S0212-9728(19)03500300002
                10.6018/analesps.35.3.345691
                798e27cd-8768-4574-b86a-538f3d54975b

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 14 October 2018
                : 18 March 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 28, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Clinical and Health Psychology

                recidivism,reincidencia,mental disorder,psychopathy,enfermedad mental,psicopatía,agresividad rasgo,trait aggression

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