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      Retracted: Meloxicam Alleviates Sepsis-Induced Kidney Injury by Suppression of Inflammation and Apoptosis via Upregulating GPNMB

      retraction
      Applied Bionics and Biomechanics
      Hindawi

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          Abstract

          This article has been retracted by Hindawi following an investigation undertaken by the publisher [1]. This investigation has uncovered evidence of one or more of the following indicators of systematic manipulation of the publication process: Discrepancies in scope Discrepancies in the description of the research reported Discrepancies between the availability of data and the research described Inappropriate citations Incoherent, meaningless and/or irrelevant content included in the article Peer-review manipulation The presence of these indicators undermines our confidence in the integrity of the article's content and we cannot, therefore, vouch for its reliability. Please note that this notice is intended solely to alert readers that the content of this article is unreliable. We have not investigated whether authors were aware of or involved in the systematic manipulation of the publication process. Wiley and Hindawi regrets that the usual quality checks did not identify these issues before publication and have since put additional measures in place to safeguard research integrity. We wish to credit our own Research Integrity and Research Publishing teams and anonymous and named external researchers and research integrity experts for contributing to this investigation. The corresponding author, as the representative of all authors, has been given the opportunity to register their agreement or disagreement to this retraction. We have kept a record of any response received.

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          Meloxicam Alleviates Sepsis-Induced Kidney Injury by Suppression of Inflammation and Apoptosis via Upregulating GPNMB

          Objective At present, renal injury caused by sepsis seriously endangers the health of patients. Our paper proposed to study the protective effects of meloxicam (Mel) in sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (SAKI) and the underlying mechanisms. Methods The in vitro and in vivo models of SAKI were established using lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Mel was injected intraperitoneally at 60 mg/kg into male C57BL/6 mice 4 hours before LPS injection (10 mg/kg). The HK-2 cells were treated with LPS (1 μg/mL) and Mel (40 μM). The renal function and renal pathological changes as well as renal inflammation and apoptosis were detected in SAKI mice. The inflammation and apoptosis of HK-2 cells induced by LPS were also detected. Results The treatment of Mel significantly decreased the elevated levels of serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in SAKI mice. In addition, the results of HE staining suggested that Mel significantly reduced kidney damage in SAKI mice. Consistently, Mel reduced the expression of LPS-induced kidney injury markers (NGAL and KIM-1). Moreover, LPS induced the expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) in the kidney, which can be reduced by Mel. Furthermore, Mel effectively reduced the number of apoptotic cells and inhibited the expression of proapoptotic-related proteins (cleaved Caspase-3 and Bax) but increased the antiapoptotic-related protein (Bcl-2) in the kidneys of SAKI mice. Mechanistically, Mel inhibited the phosphorylation of P65 but induced the phosphorylation of AKT and the expression of glycoprotein B of nonmetastatic melanoma (GPNMB). However, knocking down GPNMB can eliminate the anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects of Mel. Conclusion Mel alleviated sepsis-induced kidney injury by inhibiting kidney inflammation and apoptosis via upregulating GPNMB.
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            Author and article information

            Contributors
            Journal
            Appl Bionics Biomech
            Appl Bionics Biomech
            ABB
            Applied Bionics and Biomechanics
            Hindawi
            1176-2322
            1754-2103
            2023
            1 November 2023
            1 November 2023
            : 2023
            : 9823246
            Affiliations
            Article
            10.1155/2023/9823246
            10632034
            799ce371-f84c-48e8-b54c-0fea1fc5eb43
            Copyright © 2023 Applied Bionics and Biomechanics.

            This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

            History
            : 31 October 2023
            : 31 October 2023
            Categories
            Retraction

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