Examining Relationships Between Interoceptive Sensibility and Body Image in a Non-Western Context : A Study With Malaysian Adults

Abstract

Abstract. Previous research has indicated that there are significant associations between interoception and body image, with lower interoceptive sensibility (IS) associated with more negative body image and higher IS associated with more positive body image. However, it is unclear whether these relationships are replicable in populations outside of North America and Western Europe. To address this issue, we asked a sample of 815 Malaysian Malay adults to complete the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness, the Body Appreciation Scale-2, the Functionality Appreciation Scale, the Photographic Figure Rating Scale (women only), and the Drive for Muscularity Scale (men only), using online survey software. There were significant positive correlations between IS and the positive body image indices for both women and men, but the associations between IS and negative body image were generally below thresholds for statistical significance. After controlling for body mass index, age, and gender identity, we identified significant associations between IS and all four indices of body image. Overall, these findings demonstrate that relationships between IS and facets of positive and negative body image are present in a non-Western setting. Furthermore, the direction and strength of relationships identified in the present study were consistent with previous findings from Western samples.

Impact and Implications.

The present work examines whether the perception of internal bodily stimuli ( interoception) is associated with body image in a sample of Malaysian Malay adults. The key novel finding is that associations between interoceptive sensibility and body image are present in a non-Western sample, suggesting that existing models can be generalized to populations that are more demographically diverse than the Western samples that have been considered previously. Specifically, we identify several significant associations between facets of interoception and positive body image, which could have important therapeutic applications. As such, the work falls within Sustainable Development Goal 3.