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      Exceso de proteínas en la pobreza: la paradoja del exceso de peso en niños colombianos Translated title: Excess protein in poverty settings: the paradox of overweight in colombian children

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          Abstract

          El objetivo fue describir el valor calórico total (VCT) derivado de macronutrientes en menores de 18 años con relación al exceso de peso, en cuatro ciudades de Colombia, 2009-2011. Se realizaron dos recordatorios del consumo dietario en las últimas 24 horas aplicados a 505 niños entre 0 y 17 años, el 51% residentes en áreas urbanas. Además, se estableció su estado de nutrición con base en antropometría. Mediante regresión lineal se estableció la asociación del VCT y el exceso de peso. El sobrepeso en niños sin retraso en talla fue de 6,2%. El exceso de peso (IMC>= 25) fue de 16,3%, El exceso en la zona urbana fue de 18,2% y en la rural de 14,2%, p= 0,253. Los niños con exceso de peso consumieron usualmente 0,25 g/kg/día más de proteínas (IC 95%; 0,11 a 0,40), -0,18 g/kg/día menos de grasa (IC 95%; -0,25 a -0,11) y -1,80 g/kg/día menos de carbohidratos (IC 95%; -2,50 a -1,10), que aquellos sin exceso de peso, para todas las diferencias p< 0,0001. Los sujetos con exceso de peso consumieron 0,8% más VCT derivado de proteínas que aquellos sin exceso, p= 0,006. El exceso de peso en niños colombianos se asoció al VCT, en particular con la energía derivada del consumo de proteínas y también se asoció a las cantidades/día de la ingesta de leche.

          Translated abstract

          The objective was to describe the total caloric value (TCV) derived from macronutrients in children under 18 years in relation to overweight in four Colombian cities between 2009-2011. Two 24 hour dietary recalls were measured in 505 children between 0 and 17 years, 51% living in urban areas. Nutritional status was calculated based on anthropometry. We used linear regression to test the association between TCV and excess weight. Overweight in children without stunting was 6.2%. Overweight (BMI>=25) was 16.3% overall, with 18.2% overweight in urban areas and 14.2%, in rural (p= 0.253). Children who were overweight usually consumed 0.25 g/kg/day more protein (95% CI 0.11 to 0.40), 0.18 g/kg /day less fat (95%; -0.25 to -0.11) and 1.80 g/kg/day less carbohydrates (95% CI -2.50 to -1.10) compared to those without overweight, for all differences p< 0.0001. Overweight subjects consumed 0.8% more protein derived TCV than those without excess weight, p= 0.006. Being overweight was associated with TCV in Colombian children, particularly energy derived from protein consumption and also it was associated with the quantities/day of milk intake.

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          Nutritional Epidemiology

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            Nutrition transition in Chile revisited: mid-term evaluation of obesity goals for the period 2000-2010.

            To analyse the nutritional status component of the nutrition transition in Chile in relation to the evolution of obesity rates in all age groups until 2005, comparing these with the goals established by the Ministry of Health for the period 2000-2010. A descriptive study which includes data on the nutritional status of the Chilean population categorised by age. The data originate from: (1) institutions which administer nutritional programmes - the National Board for Day-Care Centres (JUNJI) and the National Board for School Assistance and Scholarships (JUNAEB); (2) the Ministry of Health and the National Institute of Statistics; and (3) epidemiological studies which include adolescents and the elderly. The prevalence of obesity in pre-school children attending JUNJI was 10.6% in 2005; by age group, it was 6% in 2-year-olds, 11% in 3-year-olds and 14% in 4-year-olds. Among schoolchildren in first grade, obesity prevalence was 18.5%. In pregnant women, obesity has increased from 12% in 1987 to 33% in 2004. For adults, the 2003 National Health Survey showed that the prevalence of obesity (body mass index (BMI) > or = 30 kg m-2) was 22% and of morbid obesity (BMI > or = 40 kg m-2), 1.3%. Obesity varied according to gender and educational level, being higher among women (25% vs. 19% in men) and adults from low socio-economic levels. In the elderly there was a high prevalence of obesity in the 60-64 years age group for both men (35.6%) and women (44.1%), decreasing to 18% and 26%, respectively, in those aged 75 years and older. The goals for the decade (2000-2010) consider a reduction of obesity rates from 10% to 7% in pre-school children attending JUNJI, and from 16% to 12% in schoolchildren attending first grade. For pregnant women, the goal is to reduce the prevalence from 32% to 28%. Despite the implementation of initiatives in nutrition and physical activity, these have been insufficient to shift the rising trend in obesity. The explanation could be that after a rapid rise in obesity in children and pregnant women between 1987 and 2000, a stabilisation period or a 'plateau' is observed. In that situation, very effective interventions are required to reduce obesity, because it is extremely difficult to reverse the trend. Some positive experiences are being implemented in Chile, but government priorities are not focused in health promotion. A comprehensive State Policy in health promotion, that includes the public and private sectors related with obesity, is needed to reverse this trend.
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              Overweight is more prevalent than stunting and is associated with socioeconomic status, maternal obesity, and a snacking dietary pattern in school children from Bogota, Colombia.

              The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of overweight in school-aged children from Bogotá, Colombia and to examine its associations with sociodemographic characteristics, dietary patterns, and indicators of physical activity. We measured height and weight in 3075 children between 5 and 12 y of age who attended public primary schools in 2006 and we obtained information on maternal sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics. The survey was representative of children from low and middle socioeconomic backgrounds. The prevalences of child overweight (including obesity) and obesity according to the International Obesity Task Force criteria were 11.1 and 1.8%, respectively. The prevalence of stunting was 9.8%. In multivariate analysis, child overweight was positively associated with indicators of higher socioeconomic status (SES), including low maternal parity and ownership of household assets. The prevalence of overweight was 3.6 times greater in children whose mothers were obese compared with children whose mothers had an adequate BMI (adjusted prevalence ratio = 3.61; 95% CI = 2.64, 4.93). Child overweight was positively associated with adherence to a "snacking" dietary pattern (P-trend = 0.06) and to frequent intake of hamburgers or hot dogs (adjusted prevalence ratio for at least once per week vs. never = 1.93; 95% CI = 1.03, 3.62), independent of total energy intake and other potential confounders. Time spent viewing television or playing outside the household were not significantly related to the prevalence of child overweight. In conclusion, child overweight in Bogotá is more common than stunting and is associated with higher SES, maternal obesity, and a snacking dietary pattern.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rchnut
                Revista chilena de nutrición
                Rev. chil. nutr.
                Sociedad Chilena de Nutrición, Bromatología y Toxicología (Santiago, , Chile )
                0717-7518
                March 2017
                : 44
                : 1
                : 45-56
                Affiliations
                [03] Bucaramanga Santander orgnameUniversidad Industrial de Santander orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Humanas orgdiv2Escuela de Economía y Administración Colombia
                [01] Bucaramanga Santander orgnameUniversidad Industrial de Santander orgdiv1Facultad de Salud orgdiv2Escuela de Nutrición Colombia
                [02] Bogotá orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombia orgdiv1Observatorio de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional (OBSAN) Colombia
                Article
                S0717-75182017000100007
                10.4067/S0717-75182017000100007
                79bb4581-6812-4a22-905a-895cc5ea5bcf

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 25 April 2016
                : 16 December 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 12
                Product

                SciELO Chile


                Niños,obesidad infantil,ingestión de energía,dieta,Colombia,Children,pediatric obesity,energy intake,diet

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