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      Disruption of ecosystem processes in western North America by invasive species

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          Abstract

          Many ecosystems of western North America have been dramatically changed by non-native species. Here, we review ecological impacts of 56 plant, animal, fungus, and protist species that were brought to this region by humans. We discuss characteristics of invasive species that can lead to major ecosystem impacts, and explore how invasive species alter many different attributes of ecosystems. Specifically, we include examples of invasive species that affect geomorphology, fire regimes, hydrology, microclimate, atmospheric composition, nutrient cycling, and productivity. Finally, we review the direct consequences of biological invasions for some native species. We summarize examples from this paper in Appendix 1. Our examples illustrate how, as invasive species have become dominant across large areas of western North America's grassland, shrubland, dune, riparian, and estuarine ecosystems, the properties and functioning of these systems have changed. To date, some systems in this region, such as its forests, remain relatively unaffected by invasive species. However, recent attacks of forest pathogens highlight the potential vulnerability of these ecosystems

          Translated abstract

          Muchos ecosistemas de Norteamérica occidental han cambiado dramáticamente a causa del efecto producido por especies no autóctonas. Aquí se muestra una revisión del impacto ecológico producido por 56 especies diferentes de plantas, animales y hongos, y especies de protistas que fueron traídos a esta región por humanos. Discutimos las características de las especies invasoras que pueden producir un gran impacto en el ecosistema, y exploramos cómo las especies invasoras pueden alterar de forma muy diferente los atributos de un ecosistema. Específicamente, incluimos ejemplos de especies invasoras que afectan a la geomorfología, a los regímenes del fuego, a la hidrología, al microclima, a la composición atmosférica, al ciclo de nutrientes, y a la productividad. Finalmente, revisamos las consecuencias directas de invasiones biológicas de algunas especies autóctonas. Resumimos los ejemplos de este artículo en el Anexo 1. Nuestros ejemplos ilustran cómo, a medida que la especie invasora llega a ser dominante a lo largo de áreas extensas de ecosistemas como los prados del oeste de Norteamérica occidental, en zonas arbustivas, dunas, cauces de ríos y estuarios, las propiedades y el funcionamiento de estos ecosistemas han cambiado. Hasta ahora, algunos ecosistemas en esta región, como los bosques, permanecen relativamente intactos por efecto de la especies invasoras. Sin embargo, ataques recientes de patógenos a los bosques ponen de manifiesto la vulnerabilidad potencial de estos ecosistemas

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          Most cited references215

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          Environmental and Economic Costs of Nonindigenous Species in the United States

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            Does global change increase the success of biological invaders?

            Biological invasions are gaining attention as a major threat to biodiversity and an important element of global change. Recent research indicates that other components of global change, such as increases in nitrogen deposition and atmospheric CO2 concentration, favor groups of species that share certain physiological or life history traits. New evidence suggests that many invasive species share traits that will allow them to capitalize on the various elements of global change. Increases in the prevalence of some of these biological invaders would alter basic ecosystem properties in ways that feed back to affect many components of global change.
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              Maximum rooting depth of vegetation types at the global scale

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rchnat
                Revista chilena de historia natural
                Rev. chil. hist. nat.
                Sociedad de Biología de Chile (Santiago, , Chile )
                0716-078X
                September 2004
                : 77
                : 3
                : 411-437
                Affiliations
                [02] Boston Massachusetts orgnameUniversity of Massachusetts orgdiv1Biology Department USA jeffrey.dukes@ 123456umb.edu
                [01] Stanford California orgnameStanford University orgdiv1Department of Biological Sciences USA
                Article
                S0716-078X2004000300003 S0716-078X(04)07700303
                10.4067/S0716-078X2004000300003
                79c2e806-93ba-4d6f-9094-6aae8d5f40a7

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 226, Pages: 27
                Product

                SciELO Chile


                invasiones biológicas,impact,exotic species,community structure,ecosystem functioning,biological invasions,impacto,especies exóticas,estructura de comunidades,funcionamiento ecosistémico

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