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      Non-target Site Mechanisms of Resistance to Herbicides

      1 , 1
      Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences
      Informa UK Limited

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          Regulation and function of root exudates

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            Root exudates: the hidden part of plant defense.

            The significance of root exudates as belowground defense substances has long been underestimated, presumably due to being buried out of sight. Nevertheless, this chapter of root biology has been progressively addressed within the past decade through the characterization of novel constitutively secreted and inducible phytochemicals that directly repel, inhibit, or kill pathogenic microorganisms in the rhizosphere. In addition, the complex transport machinery involved in their export has been considerably unraveled. It has become evident that the profile of defense root exudates is not only diverse in its composition, but also strikingly dynamic. In this review, we discuss current knowledge of the nature and regulation of root-secreted defense compounds and the role of transport proteins in modulating their release.
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              Deciphering the evolution of herbicide resistance in weeds.

              Resistance to herbicides in arable weeds is increasing rapidly worldwide and threatening global food security. Resistance has now been reported to all major herbicide modes of action despite the development of resistance management strategies in the 1990s. We review here recent advances in understanding the genetic bases and evolutionary drivers of herbicide resistance that highlight the complex nature of selection for this adaptive trait. Whereas early studied cases of resistance were highly herbicide-specific and largely under monogenic control, cases of greatest concern today generally involve resistance to multiple modes of action, are under polygenic control, and are derived from pre-existing stress response pathways. Although 'omics' approaches should enable unraveling the genetic bases of complex resistances, the appearance, selection, and spread of herbicide resistance in weed populations can only be fully elucidated by focusing on evolutionary dynamics and implementing integrative modeling efforts. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences
                Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences
                Informa UK Limited
                0735-2689
                1549-7836
                June 12 2017
                January 02 2017
                May 02 2017
                January 02 2017
                : 36
                : 1
                : 24-34
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
                Article
                10.1080/07352689.2017.1316134
                79e24f1f-2521-4bf5-845c-d452ff38f277
                © 2017
                History

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