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      Current situation of pediatric anesthesiology training in Colombia Translated title: Estado actual de la formación en anestesiología pediátrica en Colombia

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          Abstract

          Abstract Surgery is a key pillar in medical care, and both the surgical as well as the anesthetic components are essential within the health systems in countries of all levels of development. Every year, close to 230 million surgical procedures are performed worldwide, with pediatric surgery being representative, as around 85% of children require a surgical procedure. However, the issue of education and training of the people involved in pediatric surgery who can provide safe surgical and anesthetic care in medium and low income countries has been absent from the global health debate. The development of anesthesia in pediatrics faces many challenges: it is a relatively new specialty, it has to deal with clinical challenges associated with anatomical, physiological, psychological and procedure-related differences, while it faces the reality of few training opportunities which results in a limited number of duly trained and qualified specialists in pediatric anesthesiology. In Latin America, the possibility of applying to a specialization in pediatric anesthesia is limited. In particular in Colombia it has not been possible to establish a pediatric anesthesia subspecialty, creating the need to promote formal and informal training in this discipline in order to ensure that safe, good quality anesthetic care is provided to children. This article describes the development of pediatric anesthesia training in the world and in Colombia, highlighting the relationship between the incidence of anesthetic complications and the need for training in this discipline.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen La cirugía es una parte indispensable en la atención médica, siendo el componente quirúrgico y el anestésico fundamentales dentro del sistema de salud en países de todos los niveles de desarrollo. Anualmente, se realizan alrededor de 230 millones de procedimientos quirúrgicos en todo el mundo, siendo la cirugía pediátrica un porcentaje, ya que alrededor del 85 % de los niños requiere un procedimiento quirúrgico; sin embargo, la prestación de servicios quirúrgicos y anestésicos seguros desde la formación y entrenamiento de los actores involucrados en la atención quirúrgica infantil en países de medianos y bajos ingresos ha estado ausente del discurso de salud global. El desarrollo del campo de la anestesia en pediatría enfrenta múltiples retos: es una especialidad relativamente nueva, presenta desafíos clínicos relacionados con las diferencias anatómicas, fisiológicas, psicológicas y procedimentales, así como existen pocas oportunidades de entrenamiento con el consecuente número limitado de especialistas en anestesiología pediátrica capacitados y calificados. Para América latina, las posibilidades de aplicar a una especialización en anestesiología pediátrica son limitadas y específicamente para Colombia no ha sido posible crear la subespecialidad de anestesiología pediátrica, por lo que se debe fomentar la formación formal e informal en esta disciplina, con el fin de ofrecer una atención anestésica segura y con calidad para los niños. Este artículo hace un recuento del desarrollo de la formación en anestesiología pediátrica en el mundo y en Colombia, visibilizando la relación con la incidencia de complicaciones anestésicas y la necesidad de formación en esta disciplina.

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          Relationship between complications of pediatric anesthesia and volume of pediatric anesthetics.

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            Specialised training in paediatric anaesthesia: Need of the hour

            Paediatric anaesthesia is an upcoming speciality which is gaining wide interest and can be a career choice for the new trainees. The need to develop paediatric anaesthesia as a speciality was realised with the progress in the field of paediatric surgery. The profile of the 'patient' encountered by a paediatric anaesthesiologist spans from an extremely premature neonate on the fringes of survival, to a full-grown adolescent equivalent to an adult. Perioperative morbidity and mortality are 2-3 times higher in infants and neonates compared to adults particularly in middle and low-income countries. The anatomical, physiological, pharmacological variations and presence of congenital cardiac, pulmonary and metabolic diseases in young children make perioperative management challenging. Special expertise and training are required for anaesthetic management of these preverbal children. In India, 3-years DM and 1-year Fellowship courses in paediatric anaesthesia are now available for specialisation. An ideal paediatric anaesthesia training centre should have substantial paediatric and neonatal patient load with exclusive intensive care facility. Paediatric anaesthesiologists, having knowledge of several facets of paediatrics and anaesthesia are capable of coordinating with health care professionals performing procedures outside the operating room. Paediatric anaesthesia, as a career thus offers a great opportunity to enhance quality and safety of anaesthesia in this high-risk surgical population. Persistent coordinated team efforts improve patient outcomes, reduce stress at work and increase job satisfaction.
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              Pediatric anesthesiology fellow education: is a simulation-based boot camp feasible and valuable?

              Pediatric anesthesiologists must manage crises in neonates and children with timely responses and limited margin for error. Teaching the range of relevant skills during a 12-month fellowship is challenging. An experiential simulation-based curriculum can augment acquisition of knowledge and skills.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rca
                Colombian Journal of Anestesiology
                Rev. colomb. anestesiol.
                SCARE-Sociedad Colombiana de Anestesiología y Reanimación (Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia )
                0120-3347
                2256-2087
                September 2024
                : 52
                : 3
                : 5
                Affiliations
                [1] Bogotá Arauca orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombia Colombia
                [2] Bogotá orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombia orgdiv1School of Medicine orgdiv2Anesthesia Department Colombia
                [3] orgnameUniversidad de la Sabana orgdiv1School of Medicine orgdiv2Medical Education Master's Program Colombia
                [4] orgnameUniversidad de la Sabana orgdiv1School of Medicine orgdiv2Family Medicine and Public Health Department Colombia
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3397-793X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2189-6155
                Article
                S0120-33472024000300005 S0120-3347(24)05200300005
                10.5554/22562087.e1109
                79e817de-b099-4354-97a8-62035daf2d21

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 17 September 2023
                : 26 February 2024
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 33, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Categories
                Special article

                Anesthesiology,Capacitación profesional,Especialización,Educación médica,Pediatría,Anestesia,Anestesiología,Professional training,Specialization,Medical education,Pediatrics,Anesthesia

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