Lithium and coronaviral infections. A scoping review.

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Abstract

The current rapid spread of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) calls for a rapid response from the research community. Lithium is widely used to treat bipolar disorder, but has been shown to exhibit antiviral activity. This brief review took a systematic approach to identify six in vitro studies reporting on the influence of lithium on coronaviral infections. We propose mechanistic investigation of the influence of lithium – alone and with chloroquine – on the SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Nervous system involvement after infection with COVID-19 and other coronaviruses

Yeshun Wu, Xiaolin Xu, Zijun Chen … (2020)

Highlights • Coronoviruses not only affect the respiratory system, but also have deleterious effects on the central nervous system. • Most neurological diseases could be caused by coronoviruses invasion. • Coronoviruses cause nerve damage via diverse pathways.

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Akt/GSK3 signaling in the action of psychotropic drugs.

Marc G. Caron, Jean Beaulieu, Raul Gainetdinov (2008)

Psychotropic drugs acting on monoamine neurotransmission are major pharmacological treatments for neuropsychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder, Tourette syndrome, ADHD, and Alzheimer disease. Independent lines of research involving biochemical and behavioral approaches in normal and/or genetically modified mice provide converging evidence for an involvement of the signaling molecules Akt and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) in the regulation of behavior by dopamine and serotonin (5-HT). These signaling molecules have also received attention for their role in the actions of psychoactive drugs such as antidepressants, antipsychotics, lithium, and other mood stabilizers. Furthermore, investigations of the mechanism by which D2 dopamine receptors regulate Akt/GSK3 signaling strongly support the physiological relevance of a new modality of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling involving the multifunctional scaffolding protein beta-arrestin 2. Elucidation of the contribution of multiple signaling pathways to the action of psychotropic drugs may provide a better biological understanding of psychiatric disorders and lead to more efficient therapeutics.

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Nucleocapsid Phosphorylation and RNA Helicase DDX1 Recruitment Enables Coronavirus Transition from Discontinuous to Continuous Transcription

Chia-Hsin Wu, Pei-Jer Chen, Shiou-Hwei Yeh (2014)

Summary Coronaviruses contain a positive-sense single-stranded genomic (g) RNA, which encodes nonstructural proteins. Several subgenomic mRNAs (sgmRNAs) encoding structural proteins are generated by template switching from the body transcription regulatory sequence (TRS) to the leader TRS. The process preferentially generates shorter sgmRNA. Appropriate readthrough of body TRSs is required to produce longer sgmRNAs and full-length gRNA. We find that phosphorylation of the viral nucleocapsid (N) by host glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is required for template switching. GSK-3 inhibition selectively reduces the generation of gRNA and longer sgmRNAs, but not shorter sgmRNAs. N phosphorylation allows recruitment of the RNA helicase DDX1 to the phosphorylated-N-containing complex, which facilitates template readthrough and enables longer sgmRNA synthesis. DDX1 knockdown or loss of helicase activity markedly reduces the levels of longer sgmRNAs. Thus, coronaviruses employ a unique strategy for the transition from discontinuous to continuous transcription to ensure balanced sgmRNAs and full-length gRNA synthesis.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Jan K. Nowak: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data CurationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project AdministrationRole: Writing – Original Draft Preparation

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0953-2188

Jarosław Walkowiak: Role: Data CurationRole: Formal AnalysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – Review & Editing

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): F1000Res

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): F1000Res

Journal ID (pmc): F1000Research

Title: F1000Research

Publisher: F1000 Research Limited (London, UK )

ISSN (Electronic): 2046-1402

Publication date (Electronic): 3 April 2020

Publication date Collection: 2020

Publication date PMC-release: 3 April 2020

Volume: 9

Electronic Location Identifier: 93

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

[1 ]Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

[1 ]Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China

[2 ]Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

[1 ]Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA

[1 ]Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland

[1 ]Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China

[2 ]Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland

Author notes

[a ] jan.nowak@ 123456ump.edu.pl

Competing interests: JKN reports personal fees from Norsa Pharma and non-financial support from Nutricia outside the submitted work. JW reports personal fees and non-financial support from Biocodex, BGP Products, Chiesi, Hipp, Humana, Mead Johnson Nutrition, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Nestle, Norsa Pharma, Nutricia, Roche, Sequoia Pharmaceuticals, and Vitis Pharma, outside the submitted work, and also grants, personal fees and non-financial support from Nutricia Research Foundation Poland, also outside the submitted work.

Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed.

Author information

Jan K. Nowak https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0953-2188

Article

DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.22299.2

PMC ID: 7255895

PubMed ID: 32518634

SO-VID: 7a1484bd-4bce-4eba-9289-6c05270d8fae

License:

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

History

Date accepted : 18 March 2020

Funding

The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work.

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Lithium and coronaviral infections. A scoping review.

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Novel Coronavirus Disease COVID-19

Most cited references 33

Nervous system involvement after infection with COVID-19 and other coronaviruses

Akt/GSK3 signaling in the action of psychotropic drugs.

Nucleocapsid Phosphorylation and RNA Helicase DDX1 Recruitment Enables Coronavirus Transition from Discontinuous to Continuous Transcription

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