Mortality surveillance of children under five years old in Xicheng District of Beijing during 2016-2021

Abstract

Objective To analyze under 5 years old mortality rate during 2016–2021 in Xicheng District, Beijing, and to provide scientific basis for further reducing infant mortality rate and under 5 years old mortality rate.

Methods A descriptive statistical analysis was conducted on the mortality surveillance data of children under 5 years old reported by Preventive Health Department of Xicheng District Community Health Service Center during 2016–2021.

Results During 2016–2021, under 5 mortality, infants and newborn mortality in Xicheng District decreased from 2.31‰, 1.85‰ and 1.12‰ to 1.55‰, 1.07‰ and 0.48‰ respectively. There was no significant difference in mortality rate between 2016 and 2021 ( P>0.05). The leading cause of death among children under 5 years of age included other congenital abnormalities(except congenital heart disease and down’s syndrome) (18.79%), pre-term birth/low birth weight (16.36%) and birth asphyxia (7.88%). Infant deaths accounted for 69.23%–80.00% of deaths of children under 5 years of age, and neonatal mortality accounted for 44.44%–71.43% of infant mortality.

Conclusion It is necessary to carry out relevant preventive intervention and quality management based on the main causes of death, and to further improve the management of critically ill neonates and reduce neonatal mortality.

Abstract

【摘要】 目的 分析 2016—2021 年北京市西城区 5 岁以下儿童死亡率及其变化趋势, 为进一步降低婴儿和5岁以下儿童死亡率提供科学依据。 方法 针对 2016—2021 年北京市西城区社区卫生服务中心预防保健科上报的 5 岁以下儿童死亡监测数据进行描述性统计分析。 结果 2016—2021 年西城区 5 岁以下儿童、婴儿、新生儿死亡率分别从 2.31‰, 1.85‰, 1.12‰ 下降至 1.55‰, 1.07‰, 0.48‰。采用 χ ² 趋势检验方法比较 2016—2021 年间死亡率变化均无统计学意义 ( P 值均>0.05)。5 岁以下儿童死因顺位前 3 位是其他先天异常(除外先心病和先天愚型) (占 18.79%)、早产/低出生体重 (占 16.36%)、出生窒息 (占 7.88%)。其中婴儿死亡占 5 岁以下儿童死亡比例为 69.23%~80.00%, 新生儿死亡占婴儿死亡比例为 44.44%~71.43%。 结论 应结合主要死亡原因有针对性地开展预防性干预及质量管理, 并进一步提升危重新生儿救治水平, 降低新生儿死亡率。