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      Dioctophyma renale in a dog: Clinical diagnosis and surgical treatment

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          Abstract

          This study reports a case of parasitism by the giant kidney worm, Dioctophyma renale, diagnosed in the right kidney of a domestic dog. An adult female German Shepherd was attended with clinical history of prostration and hyporexia. The hemogram showed changes compatible with an inflammatory process, for that reason, an abdominal ultrasound was requested. Ultrasound image suggested the presence of D. renale in the right kidney. The diagnosis was confirmed after urinalysis due to the presence of dioctophymas ova in the urinary sediment. Surgical treatment was made and the animal had an excellent recovery after the nephrectomy was performed. Generally, in almost all cases, parasitism by D. renale in domestic dogs is a necropsy finding, nevertheless imaging techniques as sonography and laboratorial exams as urinalysis have been proven to be important tools to achieve diagnosis. The purpose of this study is to report a case of parasitism by D. renale where diagnosis and treatment were made in time to allow the patient's recovery.

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          Dioctophyme renale (Goeze, 1782) in the abdominal cavity of a domestic cat from Brazil.

          This study reports a case of parasitism by the giant kidney worm, Dioctophyme renale (Goeze, 1782), in the abdominal cavity of a domestic cat from Brazil. A female adult cat presenting prostration, dehydration, physical debility, pronounced jaundice and ascitis, was taken to the Department of Animal Parasitology of the Veterinary Institute of the Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Clinical signs suggested a case of peritonitis. The cat's clinical condition was grave and death occurred within a few days. During necropsy, a brownish-red nematode, 24.9cm long, was found in the abdominal cavity and was identified as a male adult D. renale. This study reports the first confirmed case of dioctophymatosis in the domestic cat. The parasite's aberrant location in the abdominal cavity suggests that the domestic cat is not a suitable host.
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            Dioctofimose em cães: 16 casos

            No período de 1978 a 1996, de um total de 3.259 cães necropsiados, 16 (0,49%) apresentaram parasitismo por Dioctophyma renale. Desses, 12 (75%) eram cães de rua. Em 13 cães (81, 2%), um ou vários parasitas localizavam-se no rim direito. Em 3 casos (18,7%), o parasita foi observado na cavidade abdominal. Nos casos de parasitismo renal, observou-se acentuada atrofia do parênquima, transformando o rim numa bolsa fibrosa contendo o parasita em meio a exsudato necro-hemorrágico semilíquido. Foi observada hipertrofia renal compensatória contralateral em 5 casos. O ciclo evolutivo de D. renale é complexo e incompletamente entendido. Envolve um hospedeiro intermediário e hospedeiros paratênicos. A alta ocorrência da doença em cães de rua sugere que a infecção seja relacionada aos hábitos alimentares pouco seletivos desses animais.
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              Giant kidney worm (Dioctophyma renale) infections in dogs from Northern Paraná, Brazil.

              This article describes the pathological observations of Dioctophyma renale in dogs from the northern region of the State of Paraná, Brazil. A female, 6-year-old dog, Fila Brasileiro breed and a 16-year-old, male Poodle were diagnosed positive for D. renale during routine necropsy. Clinically, both dogs demonstrated hematuria, and the Poodle had a radiographic diagnosis of prostatic tumor, but neither had a clinical diagnosis of this infection prior to necropsy. Three giant worms were observed in the urinary bladder of the first case and one within the renal pelvis of the other dog. Histological findings were similar in both cases and represented compressive atrophy due to the presence of the nematode. Additionally, aspects of the life cycle, pathogenesis and epidemiology associated with this parasitism in Brazil are also discussed.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Vet Parasitol
                Vet. Parasitol
                Veterinary Parasitology
                Elsevier B.V.
                0304-4017
                1873-2550
                28 October 2009
                26 February 2010
                28 October 2009
                : 168
                : 1
                : 151-155
                Affiliations
                [a ]Veterinary Hospital Pet Care, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
                [b ]Department of Pathology, Veterinary University of São Paulo (FMVZ/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author at: Pet Care Hospital Veterinário, Medical Department, Avenida Giovanni Gronchi, 3001, Cep 05659-010, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Tel.: +55 11 3743 2142; fax: +55 11 3743 2142. vivianlindmayer@ 123456yahoo.com.br
                Article
                S0304-4017(09)00662-1
                10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.10.013
                7116962
                19939566
                7a31f00e-5a37-4f88-9d32-830dbae649fc
                Copyright © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

                History
                : 19 August 2009
                : 8 October 2009
                : 15 October 2009
                Categories
                Article

                Parasitology
                dioctophyma renale,dog parasitism,nephrectomy
                Parasitology
                dioctophyma renale, dog parasitism, nephrectomy

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