Disfunción ventricular izquierda subclínica en diabéticos tipo 1 con menos de 10 años de evolución de la diabetes  <span class="so-article-trans-title" dir="auto"> Translated title: Subclinical left ventricular dysfunction in type 1 diabetics with less than 10 years of evolution of diabetes </span>

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Abstract

Se realizó un estudio transversal en 32 diabéticos tipo 1 con menos de 10 años de evolución de la enfermedad, edades entre 17 y 40 años, para conocer la frecuencia de disfunción ventricular izquierda (DVI) subclínica y factores asociados a la misma. Se excluyeron los pacientes que presentaron valvulopatías, cardiopatía isquémica, hipertensión arterial y otras enfermedades que provocan miocardiopatías. Se les realizó una historia clínica completa y se les indicó: glucemia en ayunas, HbA1, colesterol total, triglicéridos totales, HDL-colesterol, excreción urinaria de albúmina (EUA), velocidad de conducción motora y sensitiva de los miembros inferiores, electrocardiograma y ecocardiograma modo M, bidimensional y con Doppler pulsado. Se adoptaron los criterios propuestos por la Sociedad Americana de Ecocardiografía para el diagnóstico ecocardiográfico de DVI. Se comprobó DVI en el 25 %. Las alteraciones estructurales cardíacas se observaron en el 6,2 %. La neuropatía periférica se presentó en 6 de 8 pacientes con DVI. Los niveles de EUA fueron significativamente mayores en los afectados de DVI (219,5 ± 170,2 mg/L vs. 66,9 ± 86,9 mg/L). En conclusión, se afirmó que la DVI es de observación relativamente frecuente en los diabéticos con menos de 10 años de evolución y los niveles de EUA pudieran constituir un marcador de riesgo para el desarrollo de esta complicación.

Translated abstract

A cross-sectional study in 32 type l diabetics aged 17-40 with less than 10 years of evolution of the disease was conducted to know the frequency of subclinical left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) and its associated factors. Patients with valvulopathies, ischemic heart disease, arterial hypertension and other diseases causing myocardiopathies, were excluded. Complete medical histories were obtained and fasting glycemia, HbAl, total cholesterol, total triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, urinary excretion of albumin (USA), velocity of motor and sensitive conduction of the lower limbs, EKG and mode B bidemensional pulsed Doppler echocardiography were indicated. The criteria proposed by the American Society of Echocardiography for the echocardiographic diagnosis of LVD were adopted. LVD was proved in 25 %. The structural cardiac alterations were observed in 6.2 %. Peripheral neuropathy was observed in 6 of the 8 patients with LVD. The US levels were significantly higher in those affected with LVD (219.5 ± 170.2 mg/L vs 6.9 ± 86.9 mg/L). It was concluded that LVD appears commonly among diabetics with less than 10 years of evolution and that the US levels may be a risk marker for the development of this complication.

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Most cited references 45

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Meta-analysis of effects of intensive blood-glucose control on late complications of type I diabetes.

T Chalmers, Tzu-Hao Wang, Garnet J. Lau (1993)

Tight blood glucose control has been speculated to reduce late complications in insulin-dependent diabetics but results from individual studies have been inconsistent. We have done a meta-analysis of sixteen randomised trials of intensive therapy to estimate its impact on the progression of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy and the risks of severe side-effects. In the intensive therapy group, the risk of retinopathy progression was insignificantly higher after 6-12 months of intensive control (odds ratio [OR] 2.11). After more than two years of intensive therapy the risk of retinopathy progression was lower (OR 0.49 [95% confidence interval 0.28-0.85], p = 0.011). The risk of nephropathy progression was also decreased significantly (OR 0.34 [0.20-0.58], p < 0.001). The incidence of severe hypoglycaemia increased by 9.1 episodes per 100 person-years (95% Cl -1.4 to +19.6) in the intensively treated patients. The incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis increased by 12.6 episodes per 100 person-years (95% Cl, 8.7-16.5) in the patients on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. Long-term intensive blood glucose control significantly reduces the risk of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy progression but long-term continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion was associated with an increased incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis, and intensive therapy may cause more severe hypoglycaemic reactions.

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Diastolic abnormalities in young asymptomatic diabetic patients assessed by pulsed Doppler echocardiography.

Stuart Zarich, Brenda Arbuckle, Laura R Cohen … (1988)

Indexes of left ventricular diastolic filling were measured by pulsed Doppler echocardiography in 21 insulin-dependent diabetic patients and 21 control subjects without clinical evidence of heart disease. No patient had chest pain or electrocardiographic changes during exercise testing. The mean age of patients was 32 years. All patients had a normal ejection fraction. Six (29%) of the 21 diabetic patients had evidence of diastolic dysfunction as assessed by the presence of at least two abnormal variables of mitral inflow velocity. The ratio of peak early to peak late (atrial) filling velocity was significantly decreased in diabetic compared with control subjects (1.24 +/- 0.21 versus 1.66 +/- 0.30, p. less than 0.001). Atrial filling velocity was significantly increased in diabetic patients (74.3 +/- 16.7 versus 60.3 +/- 12.2 cm/s, p less than 0.004), whereas early filling velocity was reduced by a nearly significant degree (88.8 +/- 12.6 versus 98.5 +/- 18.8 cm/s, p less than 0.057). The atrial contribution to stroke volume as assessed by area under the late diastolic filling envelope compared to total diastolic area was also significantly increased in diabetic compared with control subjects (35 versus 27%, p less than 0.001). Left ventricular diastolic filling abnormalities in diabetic patients did not correlate with duration of diabetes, retinopathy, nephropathy or peripheral neuropathy. These data suggest that approximately one-third of such patients have subclinical myocardial dysfunction unrelated to accelerated atherosclerosis. Doppler echocardiography may offer a reliable noninvasive means to assess diastolic function and to follow up diabetic patients serially for any deterioration in cardiac status before the appearance of clinical symptoms.

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Left ventricular diastolic filling and its association with age.

D R Biello, K B Schectman, Andrew Miller … (1986)

Thirty normal subjects, aged 22 to 80 years, were studied by radionuclide ventriculography to determine the age dependence of cardiac ventricular diastolic function and to evaluate the association of other factors with ventricular diastolic performance. A strong negative correlation was found between peak diastolic filling rate and age (r = -0.82, p less than 0.0001). Partial correlation analysis was used to factor out the strong age dependence and yielded additional significant correlations of peak filling rate with heart rate (r = 0.48, p less than 0.01) and time to peak filling rate (r = -0.48, p less than 0.01). Time to peak filling rate is also correlated with heart rate but not definitely with age. Analysis by multiple linear regression yields an equation predicting peak filling rate from age and heart rate. Thus, the rate of rapid diastolic filling declines markedly with age in normal subjects. The association of peak filling rate with age and with other factors indicates the need for careful consideration of these factors in the interpretation of scintigraphic findings in patients with heart disease.