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      Potential of Diaphania hyalinata and Tenebrio molitor as alternative host for mass rearing of Palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

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          Abstract

          Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare & LaSalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is a polyphagous endoparasitoid wasp, a natural enemy of agricultural and forest pests. Alternative hosts can reduce the mass rearing costs of such natural enemies. The objective of this study was to test the suitability of Diaphania hyalinata Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) as alternative hosts for mass rearing of P. elaeisis under laboratory conditions. Diaphania hyalinata and T. molitor pupae were exposed to females of P. elaeisis. Palmistichus elaeisis parasitized 99% of the pupae of both hosts with 60% of adult emergence. The parasitoid’s development period was shorter with D. hyalinata. Offspring size, sex ratio, and longevity were similar in both hosts. Specimens of P. elaeisis emerged from T. molitor were larger than those emerged from D. hyalinata. The reproductive apparatus of P. elaeisis female was fully formed and functional by the early hours of adulthood, with a pair of ovaries, a pair of accessory glands, lateral oviducts, and spermatheca. The ovarioles were of the meroistic polytrophic type. Egg maturation in adults which emerged from T. molitor was faster than in those from D. hyalinata, probably due to the quality and quantity of the hosts as nutritional sources for the parasitoid. The reproductive success, high parasitism rate, complete development and greater proportion of P. elaeisis females in their offspring confirm the quality of both T. molitor and D. hyalinata as hosts for mass rearing of this natural pest enemy.

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          Most cited references63

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          Fixation of ejaculated spermatozoa for electron microscopy.

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            Life-history strategies in parasitoid wasps: a comparative analysis of 'ovigeny'

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              Resource acquisition, allocation, and utilization in parasitoid reproductive strategies.

              Parasitoids display remarkable inter- and intraspecific variation in their reproductive and associated traits. Adaptive explanations have been proposed for many of the between-trait relationships. We present an overview of the current knowledge of parasitoid reproductive biology, focusing on egg production strategies in females, by placing parasitoid reproduction within physiological and ecological contexts. Thus, we relate parasitoid reproduction both to inter- and intraspecific patterns of nutrient allocation, utilization, and acquisition, and to key aspects of host ecology, specifically abundance and dispersion pattern. We review the evidence that resource trade-offs underlie several key intertrait correlations and that reproductive and feeding strategies are closely integrated at both the physiological and the behavioral levels. The idea that parasitoids can be divided into capital-breeders or income-breeders is no longer tenable; such terminology is best restricted to the females' utilization of particular nutrients.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                entomologia
                Entomologia Generalis
                Journal of General and Applied Entomology - Zeitschrift für Allgemeine und Angewandte Entomologie
                entomologia
                Schweizerbart Science Publishers (Stuttgart, Germany http://www.schweizerbart.com/ mail@ 123456schweizerbart.de )
                0171-8177
                20 September 2019
                23 December 2019
                : 39
                : 3-4
                : 285-294
                Affiliations
                1Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil 2Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 38810-000, Rio Paranaíba, Minas Gerais, Brasil 3Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil; 4Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil 5Departamento de Proteção Vegetal, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP, FCA), 18603-970, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil
                Author notes

                *Corresponding author: lc.martinez@ 123456outlook.com

                Article
                91760 0720
                10.1127/entomologia/2019/0720
                7a3bc756-f5c8-4adf-a3ac-8d59f3bdc6b4
                Copyright © 2019 E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 70176 Stuttgart, Germany
                History
                : 12 July 2018
                : 18 April 2019
                : 26 May 2019
                : 12 July 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 1, Pages: 10
                Custom metadata
                1
                research_paper

                Entomology,Parasitology,Ecology,Molecular biology,Pests, Diseases & Weeds
                biological control,wasp parasitoid,reproductive success,ovigeny,host-parasitoid interaction,insect morphometry

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