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      Psychosocial Therapies for Patients With Cancer : A Current Review of Interventions Using Psychoneuroimmunology-Based Outcome Measures

      1 , 1 , 1 , 1
      Integrative Cancer Therapies
      SAGE Publications

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          Abstract

          As part of a new standard of quality cancer care, the Institute of Medicine has recommended inclusion of therapies that address psychosocial needs of cancer patients. A range of psychosocial therapies for managing acute and chronic stress have been developed for patients with cancer, based on the scientific framework of psychoneuroimmunology (PNI). The current review aimed to identify studies of new and emerging PNI-based psychosocial therapies in patients with cancer that have used neuroendocrine-immune biomarkers as outcomes. Specifically, this review aimed to evaluate studies based on the cancer populations involved, types of psychosocial therapies, and PNI measures employed.

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          Mindfulness: A Proposed Operational Definition

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            Reciprocal regulation of the neural and innate immune systems.

            Innate immune responses are regulated by microorganisms and cell death, as well as by a third class of stress signal from the nervous and endocrine systems. The innate immune system also feeds back, through the production of cytokines, to regulate the function of the central nervous system (CNS), and this has effects on behaviour. These signals provide an extrinsic regulatory circuit that links physiological, social and environmental conditions, as perceived by the CNS, with transcriptional 'decision-making' in leukocytes. CNS-mediated regulation of innate immune responses optimizes total organism fitness and provides new opportunities for therapeutic control of chronic infectious, inflammatory and neuropsychiatric diseases.
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              Neural regulation of innate immunity: a coordinated nonspecific host response to pathogens.

              The central nervous system (CNS) regulates innate immune responses through hormonal and neuronal routes. The neuroendocrine stress response and the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems generally inhibit innate immune responses at systemic and regional levels, whereas the peripheral nervous system tends to amplify local innate immune responses. These systems work together to first activate and amplify local inflammatory responses that contain or eliminate invading pathogens, and subsequently to terminate inflammation and restore host homeostasis. Here, I review these regulatory mechanisms and discuss the evidence indicating that the CNS can be considered as integral to acute-phase inflammatory responses to pathogens as the innate immune system.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Integrative Cancer Therapies
                Integr Cancer Ther
                SAGE Publications
                1534-7354
                1552-695X
                February 19 2014
                March 2014
                October 07 2013
                March 2014
                : 13
                : 2
                : 85-104
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
                Article
                10.1177/1534735413503548
                24105361
                7a4355aa-5ba0-4299-a52b-e2f58bd79e4e
                © 2014

                http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license

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