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      Variability of Polyphenol Compounds in Myrtus Communis L. (Myrtaceae) Berries from Corsica

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          Abstract

          Polyphenol compounds were extracted from Myrtus communis L. berries (Myrtaceae) by maceration in 70% ethanol and analysed by HPLC-DAD and electrospray mass spectrometry. The Myrtus berries were collected at maturity from seven localities on the island of Corsica (France) and the sampling was carried out during three years. The polyphenol composition of Corsican Myrtus berries was characterized by two phenolic acids, four flavanols, three flavonols and five flavonol glycosides. The major compounds were myricetin-3- O-arabinoside and myricetin-3- O-galactoside. Principal components analysis (PCA) is applied to study the chemical composition and variability of myrtle berries alcoholic extracts from the seven localities. Canonical analysis and PCA data distinguishes two groups of myrtle berries characterized by different concentrations of polyphenols according to soil and years of harvest. The variations in the polyphenol concentration were due to biotic and abiotic factors.

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          Multitargeted cancer prevention by quercetin.

          Akira Murakami, Hitoshi Ashida, Junji Terao (2008)
          Quercetin is an anti-oxidative flavonoid widely distributed in the plant kingdom. Phenolic hydroxyl groups at the B-ring and the 3-position are responsible for its free radical-scavenging activity. Quercetin is commonly present as a glycoside and is converted to glucuronide/sulfate conjugates during intestinal absorption and only conjugated metabolites are therefore found in circulating blood. Although metabolic conversion attenuates its biological effects, active aglycone may be generated from the glucuronide conjugates by enhanced beta-glucuronidase activity during inflammation. With respect to its relationship with molecular targets relevant to cancer prevention, quercetin aglycone has been shown to interact with some receptors, particularly an aryl hydrocarbon receptor, which is involved in the development of cancers induced by certain chemicals. Quercetin aglycone has also been shown to modulate several signal transduction pathways involving MEK/ERK and Nrf2/keap1, which are associated with the processes of inflammation and carcinogenesis. Rodent studies have demonstrated that dietary administration of this flavonol prevents chemically induced carcinogenesis, especially in the colon, whilst epidemiological studies have indicated that an intake of quercetin may be associated with the prevention of lung cancer. Dietary quercetin is, therefore, a promising agent for cancer prevention and further research is warranted.
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            Dietary flavonoids and cancer risk: evidence from human population studies.

            Marian L. Neuhouser (2004)
            High dietary intake of fruits and vegetables is consistently associated with a reduced risk of common human cancers, including cancers of the lung, breast, prostate, and colon. It is unknown which bioactive compound or compounds in plant foods provide the chemoprotective effects. One class of compounds currently under investigation is flavonoids, a large group of compounds with similar structure, consisting of two phenolic benzene rings linked to a heterocyclic pyran or pyrone. Although there are numerous in vitro and animal model data suggesting that flavonoids influence important cellular and molecular mechanisms related to carcinogenesis, such as cell cycle control and apoptosis, there are limited data from human population studies. This article reviews data from four cohort studies and six case-control studies, which have examined associations of flavonoid intake with cancer risk. There is consistent evidence from these studies that flavonoids, especially quercetin, may reduce the risk of lung cancer. Further research using new dietary databases for food flavonoid content is needed to confirm these findings before specific public health recommendations about flavonoids can be formulated.
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              Stability and antioxidant activity of polyphenols in extracts of Myrtus communis L. berries used for the preparation of myrtle liqueur

              Paolo Cabras, Cosimo Pizza, Vincenzo De Feo … (2006)
              Flavonoids and anthocyanins in berry extracts from Myrtus communis, prepared by following a typical Sardinia myrtle liqueur recipe, were identified by HPLC coupled with Electrospray Mass Spectrometry and quantified by HPLC coupled with Ultraviolet/Visible Detection in order to evaluate the stability of the extracts during 1 year of storage. Antioxidant activity was measured by using TEAC assay, and the free-radical scavenging activity was monitored during time of the stability evaluation. Anthocyanins have found to be the most instable compounds, but a considerable instability was observed also for flavonoids, suggesting the use of extracts not over 3 months from their preparation. The myrtle extract showed interesting free-radical scavenging activity. Antioxidant activity was preserved in 3 months.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Molecules
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Molecules
                Journal ID (publisher-id): molecules
                Title: Molecules
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 1420-3049
                Publication date (Electronic): 03 November 2010
                Publication date Collection: November 2010
                Volume: 15
                Issue: 11
                Pages: 7849-7860
                Affiliations
                [1 ]SPE, U.M.R. C.N.R.S. 6134, University of Corsica, 20250 Corte, France; E-Mails: cannac@ 123456univ-corse.fr (M.C.); chiaramon@ 123456univ-corse.fr (N.C.); perez-ramirez@ 123456univ-corse.fr (Y.P.-R.)
                [2 ]Institut de Chimie de Nice (FR-CNRS 3037), Plateforme Technologique de Chimie-Spectrométrie de Masse, Faculté des sciences, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Parc Valrose, F-06108, Nice Cedex, France; E-Mail: Lionel.Massi@ 123456unice.fr (L.M.)
                Author notes
                [* ] Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: barboni@ 123456univ-corse.fr .
                Article
                Publisher ID: molecules-15-07849
                DOI: 10.3390/molecules15117849
                PMC ID: 6259577
                PubMed ID: 21060293
                SO-VID: 7a4dfbd0-9a23-4c9b-adcd-3d84fffc0977
                Copyright © © 2010 by the authors;
                License:

                licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

                History
                Date received : 06 September 2010
                Date revision received : 12 October 2010
                Date accepted : 02 November 2010
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                Keywords: flavonols,msn,hplc-dad,biotic and abiotic factors
                Data availability:
                Keywords: flavonols, msn, hplc-dad, biotic and abiotic factors

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