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      High-Precision Radiocarbon Age Calibration for Terrestrial and Marine Samples

      , ,
      Radiocarbon
      Cambridge University Press (CUP)

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          Abstract

          Single-year and decadal radiocarbon tree-ring ages are tabulated and discussed in terms of14C age calibration. The single-year data form the basis of a detailed14C age calibration curve for the cal ad 1510–1954 interval (“cal” denotes calibrated). The Seattle decadal data set (back to 11,617 cal BP, with 0 BP = ad 1950) is a component of the integrated decadal INTCAL9814C age curve (Stuiveret al.1998). Atmospheric14C ages can be transformed into14C ages of the global ocean using a carbon reservoir model. INTCAL9814C ages, used for these calculations, yield global ocean14C ages differing slightly from previously published ones (Stuiver and Braziunas 1993b). We include discussions of offsets, error multipliers, regional14C age differences and marine14C age response to oceanic and atmospheric forcing.

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          Most cited references19

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          Modeling Atmospheric 14C Influences and 14C Ages of Marine Samples to 10,000 BC

          The detailed radiocarbon agevs.calibrated (cal) age studies of tree rings reported in this Calibration Issue provide a unique data set for precise14C age calibration of materials formed in isotopic equilibrium with atmospheric CO2. The situation is more complex for organisms formed in other reservoirs, such as lakes and oceans. Here the initial specific14C activity may differ from that of the contemporaneous atmosphere. The measured remaining14C activity of samples formed in such reservoirs not only reflects14C decay (related to sample age) but also the reservoir14C activity. As the measured sample14C activity figures into the calculation of a conventional14C age (Stuiver & Polach 1977), apparent14C age differences occur when contemporaneously grown samples of different reservoirs are dated.
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            A Large Drop in Atmospheric 14C/12C and Reduced Melting in the Younger Dryas, Documented with 230Th Ages of Corals

            Paired carbon-14 ((14)C) and thorium-230((230)Th) ages were determined on fossil corals from the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. The ages were used to calibrate part of the (14)C time scale and to estimate rates of sea-level rise during the last deglaciation. An abrupt offset between the (14)C and (230)Th ages suggests that the atmospheric (14)C/(12)C ratio dropped by 15 percent during the latter part of and after the Younger Dryas (YD). This prominent drop coincides with greatly reduced rates of sea-level rise. Reduction of melting because of cooler conditions during the YD may have caused an increase in the rate of ocean ventilation, which caused the atmospheric (14)C/(12)C ratio to fall. The record of sea-level rise also shows that globally averaged rates of melting were relatively high at the beginning of the YD. Thus, these measurements satisfy one of the conditions required by the hypothesis that the diversion of meltwater from the Mississippi to the St. Lawrence River triggered the YD event.
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              High-Precision Bidecadal Calibration of the Radiocarbon Time Scale, AD 1950–500 BC and 2500–6000 BC

              The radiocarbon ages of dendrochronologically dated wood spanning the AD 1950–6000 BC interval are now available for Seattle (10-yr samples, Stuiver & Becker 1993) and Belfast (20-yr samples, Pearson, Becker & Qua 1993; Pearson & Qua 1993). The results of both laboratories were previously combined to generate a bidecadal calibration curve spanning nearly 4500 years (Stuiver & Pearson 1986; Pearson & Stuiver 1986). We now find that minor corrections must be applied to the published data sets, and therefore, give new bidecadal radiocarbon age information for 2500–6000 BC, as well as corrected radiocarbon age averages for AD 1950–500 BC. Corrected average14C ages for the 500–2500 BC interval are given separately (Pearson & Stuiver 1993). The Seattle corrections (in the 10–3014C-yr range) are discussed in Stuiver and Becker (1993), whereas Pearson and Qua (1993) provide information on Belfast corrections (averaging 16 yr). All dates reported here are conventional radiocarbon dates, as defined in Stuiver and Polach (1977). Belfast14C ages back to 5210 BC were obtained on wood from the Irish oak chronology (Pearsonet al.1986). Wood from the German oak chronology (Becker 1993) was used by Belfast for the 5000–6000 BC interval. For the overlapping interval (5000–5210 BC), Belfast reports weighted Irish wood/German wood14C age averages. The Seattle14C ages for the AD interval were either on Douglas fir wood from the US Pacific Northwest, or Sequoia wood from California (Stuiver 1982). The BC materials measured in Seattle were mostly part of the German oak chronology. Thirteen samples (5680–5810 BC) from the US bristlecone pine chronology (Ferguson & Graybill 1983) were measured in Seattle as well. Here, the final Seattle decadal14C ages resulted from averaging German oak and bristlecone pine ages.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                applab
                Radiocarbon
                Radiocarbon
                Cambridge University Press (CUP)
                0033-8222
                1945-5755
                1998
                July 2016
                : 40
                : 03
                : 1127-1151
                Article
                10.1017/S0033822200019172
                7a77e844-8545-4a07-85a7-b8bd79204447
                © 1998
                History

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