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      Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Exercise Imagery Questionnaire (EIQ) Translated title: Propriedades psicométricas da versão em espanhol do Exercise Imagery Questionnaire (EIQ) Translated title: Propiedades psicométricas de la versión en español del Exercise Imagery Questionnaire (EIQ)

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT In this study, the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Exercise Imagery Questionnaire (EIQ) were evaluated in a sample of 166 first-year undergraduates of a Bachelor's degree in Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, 127 men, and 39 woman; Mage = 20.57, SD = 2.24. Participants exercised at least 4 times a week. Moreover, the Spanish versions of four mental imagery questionnaires were administered: MIQ-R, VMIQ, VVIQ, and Gordon Test. Two confirmatory factor analyses of the EIQ were performed. First, a three-factor model (technique, energy, and appearance imagery) the same as the original model, failed to obtain the recommended values for a good fit. However, the second model adjusted to two factors (technique and energy imagery) was good (CFI = .97, NNFI = .94, RMSEA = .07, SRMR = .04) with results similar to the original test. Reliability was acceptable as measured by the Cronbach's alpha, but composite reliability was lower than recommended. However, convergent and discriminant validity was inadequate. There was a significant correlation between the EIQ and the Gordon Test. Furthermore, Tables have been included as an aid the elucidation of the results of the sample of undergraduates on the Bachelor's degree in Physical Activity and Sports Sciences. The results are discussed, and substantiated the Spanish version of the EIQ was a valid and useful test for exploring two types of imagery in particular: technique and energy.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO Neste estudo avaliamos as propriedades psicométricas da versão em espanhol do Exercise Image Questionnaire (EIQ). Participaram 166 (127 homens e 39 mulheres) alunos do primeiro ano de uma licenciatura em Atividade Física e Ciências do Desporto (Midade = 20.57, SD = 2,24). Os participantes exercitaram-se pelo menos 4 vezes por semana. Além disso, administramos a versão em espanhol de quatro questionários de imagem mental: MIQ-R, VMIQ, VVIQ, Gordon Test. Foram realizadas duas análises confirmatórias do EIQ, primeiro um modelo com três fatores (imagem técnica, energia e aparência), exatamente como o original, embora não se atendesse aos valores recomendados para um bom ajuste. No entanto, o ajuste do segundo modelo com dois fatores (técnica e imagem energética) foi bom (CFI = .97, NNFI = .94, RMSEA = .07, SRMR = .04) com resultados semelhantes ao teste original. A confiabilidade medida através do alfa de Cronbach foi aceitável, mas a confiabilidade composta foi menor que o recomendado. A validade convergente e discriminada foi adequada. Houve uma correlação significativa entre o EIQtécnica e o teste de Gordon. Também foi incluída uma tabela de escala do grupo de estudantes de Atividade Física e Ciências do Desporto. Os resultados foram discutidos, e observou-se que o EIQ é um teste válido e útil para explorar, principalmente, dois tipos de imagem: técnica e energia.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMEN En este studio se evaluaron las propiedades psicométricas de la versión en español del Cuestionario de Imágenes de Ejercicio (EIQ) en un grupo de 166 ( 127 hombres y 39 mujeres ) estudiantes de de primer año de grado en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte (Medad = 20.57, SD = 2,24). Los participantes realizaban ejercicio al menos 4 veces por semana. Además administramos la version Española de cuatro cuestionarios de imagen mental: MIQ-R, VMIQ, VVIQ, Gordon Test. Llevamos a cabo dos análisis confirmatorios del EIQ, en primer lugar, un modelo con tres factores (imagen de técnica, energía y apariencia) similar al original, aunque no cumplía los valores recomendados para un buen ajuste. Sin embargo, el ajuste del segundo modelo con dos factores (imagen de técnica y energía) fue bueno (CFI = .97, NNFI = .94, RMSEA = .07, SRMR = .04), con resultados similares a la prueba original. La fiabilidad medida a través del alfa de Cronbach fue acceptable pero la fiabilidad compuesta fue más baja de lo recommendable. La validez convergente y discriminate resultó adecuada. Encontramos una correlación significativa entre el EIQtécnica y el Gordon Test. También se incluyó una tabla de baremación del grupo estudiantes of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences. Los resultados se discutieron, y se observó que la version Española del EIQ es una prueba válida y útil para explorar, especialmente, dos tipos de imagen: técnica y energía.

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          Visual imagery differences in the recall of pictures.

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            Mental Representation and Mental Practice: Experimental Investigation on the Functional Links between Motor Memory and Motor Imagery

            Recent research on mental representation of complex action has revealed distinct differences in the structure of representational frameworks between experts and novices. More recently, research on the development of mental representation structure has elicited functional changes in novices' representations as a result of practice. However, research investigating if and how mental practice adds to this adaptation process is lacking. In the present study, we examined the influence of mental practice (i.e., motor imagery rehearsal) on both putting performance and the development of one's representation of the golf putt during early skill acquisition. Novice golfers (N = 52) practiced the task of golf putting under one of four different practice conditions: mental, physical, mental-physical combined, and no practice. Participants were tested prior to and after a practice phase, as well as after a three day retention interval. Mental representation structures of the putt were measured, using the structural dimensional analysis of mental representation. This method provides psychometric data on the distances and groupings of basic action concepts in long-term memory. Additionally, putting accuracy and putting consistency were measured using two-dimensional error scores of each putt. Findings revealed significant performance improvements over the course of practice together with functional adaptations in mental representation structure. Interestingly, after three days of practice, the mental representations of participants who incorporated mental practice into their practice regime displayed representation structures that were more similar to a functional structure than did participants who did not incorporate mental practice. The findings of the present study suggest that mental practice promotes the cognitive adaptation process during motor learning, leading to more elaborate representations than physical practice only.
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              Online and Offline Performance Gains Following Motor Imagery Practice: A Comprehensive Review of Behavioral and Neuroimaging Studies

              There is now compelling evidence that motor imagery (MI) promotes motor learning. While MI has been shown to influence the early stages of the learning process, recent data revealed that sleep also contributes to the consolidation of the memory trace. How such “online” and “offline” processes take place and how they interact to impact the neural underpinnings of movements has received little attention. The aim of the present review is twofold: (i) providing an overview of recent applied and fundamental studies investigating the effects of MI practice (MIP) on motor learning; and (ii) detangling applied and fundamental findings in support of a sleep contribution to motor consolidation after MIP. We conclude with an integrative approach of online and offline learning resulting from intense MIP in healthy participants, and underline research avenues in the motor learning/clinical domains.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cpd
                Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte
                CPD
                Universidad de Murcia (Murcia, Región de Murcia, Spain )
                1578-8423
                1989-5879
                December 2020
                : 20
                : 3
                : 41-54
                Affiliations
                [1] orgnameUniversity of Vigo Spain
                [2] orgnameUniversity of Santiago de Compostela Spain
                Article
                S1578-84232020000300004 S1578-8423(20)02000300004
                10.6018/cpd.375771
                7abcca73-ea21-4e30-845f-b3bbb97f71bc

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 10 May 2019
                : 04 May 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 60, Pages: 14
                Product

                SciELO Spain


                visualização,actividade física,validade,confiabilidade,visualización,physical activity,validity,reliability,visualitation,actividad física,validez,fiabilidad

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