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      Características sociodemográficas, psicológicas y clínicas de una cohorte de personas transgénero de mediana y avanzada edad: importancia de la atención primaria en la asistencia a la transexualidad y diversidad de género Translated title: Socio-demographic, psychologycal and clinical characteristics of a cohort of middle and older transgender persons: the importance of primary health care in the asistance of transexuality and gender diversity. Characteristics of a cohort of older transgender persons

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Las personas transgénero de la tercera edad forman parte de un colectivo especialmente vulnerable, por ello es importante conocer sus características, necesidades y dificultades particulares para optimizar la atención sanitaria en Atención Primaria. Objetivo: describir la proporción de las personas transgénero mayores de 45 años que solicitan acompañamiento médico o psicológico, así como sus características sociales, historia identitaria, presencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular, tratamiento hormonal o quirúrgico afirmativo y comorbilidades psiquiátricas. Métodos: estudio transversal descriptivo. Se incluyeron 567 pacientes con incongruencia de género que demandaron atención por la Unidad de Identidad de Género (UIG) del Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset de Valencia en el entre 2012 y 2019 (inclusive). Resultados: un 4,2% de la muestra correspondía a personas mayores de 45 años con una mediana de edad de 52 (RIQ: 50,25-60,25) años. La gran mayoría había experimentado un sentimiento de incongruencia identitaria en la etapa prepuberal o adolescente e hizo el tránsito social durante la edad adulta. Un 25% de las mujeres transgénero se automedicaban antes de acudir a la UIG. Un 29,1% tenía antecedentes de ideación suicida y el 25% había llevado a cabo intentos suicidas. Más de la mitad presentaban al menos dos factores de riesgo cardiovascular y no recibían tratamiento farmacológico específico. Conclusiones: en nuestra muestra, existió una baja proporción de personas trans mayores de 45 años que consultaban en la UIG en comparación con el resto de las franjas etarias más jóvenes. Dicho colectivo se caracterizó por presentar altas tasas de factores de riesgo cardiovascular y comorbilidades psicológicas.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Being part of a particularly sensitive and vulnerable age group, older transgender people must be subject of knowledge regarding characteristics, requirements, and special needs, in order to optimize primary health care. Objective: to describe the proportion of older than 45 transgender persons who requested medical or psychological care, as well as social characteristics, identity history, presence of cardiovascular risk factors, hormonal or affirmative surgical treatment, and psychiatric comorbidities. Methods: cross-sectional, descriptive study. We included 567 patients with gender incongruence who requested care at the Gender Identity Unit (UIG), at the Doctor Peset University Hospital (Valencia), from 2012 to 2019. Results: 4.2% of sample corresponds to persons older than 45, with a median age of 52 [RIQ 50.25-60.25]. The vast majority had experienced a feeling of identity incongruity in the prepubertal or adolescent stage and made the social transition during adulthood. 25% of transgender women self-medicated before turning up at the UIG. 29.1% had a history of suicidal ideation and 25% had attempted suicide. More than half presented at least two cardiovascular risk factors and did not receive specific pharmacological treatment. Conclusions: in our sample, there was a low proportion of transgender individuals over the age of 45 who sought care at the IUG compared to the younger age groups. This particular group was characterized by high rates of cardiovascular risk factors and psychological comorbidities.

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          A cognitive-behavioral model of anxiety in social phobia.

          The current paper presents a model of the experience of anxiety in social/evaluative situations in people with social phobia. The model describes the manner in which people with social phobia perceive and process information related to potential evaluation and the way in which these processes differ between people high and low in social anxiety. It is argued that distortions and biases in the processing of social/evaluative information lead to heightened anxiety in social situations and, in turn, help to maintain social phobia. Potential etiological factors as well as treatment implications are also discussed.
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            Measurement of social-evaluative anxiety.

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              Long-Term Follow-Up of Transsexual Persons Undergoing Sex Reassignment Surgery: Cohort Study in Sweden

              Context The treatment for transsexualism is sex reassignment, including hormonal treatment and surgery aimed at making the person's body as congruent with the opposite sex as possible. There is a dearth of long term, follow-up studies after sex reassignment. Objective To estimate mortality, morbidity, and criminal rate after surgical sex reassignment of transsexual persons. Design A population-based matched cohort study. Setting Sweden, 1973-2003. Participants All 324 sex-reassigned persons (191 male-to-females, 133 female-to-males) in Sweden, 1973–2003. Random population controls (10∶1) were matched by birth year and birth sex or reassigned (final) sex, respectively. Main Outcome Measures Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for mortality and psychiatric morbidity were obtained with Cox regression models, which were adjusted for immigrant status and psychiatric morbidity prior to sex reassignment (adjusted HR [aHR]). Results The overall mortality for sex-reassigned persons was higher during follow-up (aHR 2.8; 95% CI 1.8–4.3) than for controls of the same birth sex, particularly death from suicide (aHR 19.1; 95% CI 5.8–62.9). Sex-reassigned persons also had an increased risk for suicide attempts (aHR 4.9; 95% CI 2.9–8.5) and psychiatric inpatient care (aHR 2.8; 95% CI 2.0–3.9). Comparisons with controls matched on reassigned sex yielded similar results. Female-to-males, but not male-to-females, had a higher risk for criminal convictions than their respective birth sex controls. Conclusions Persons with transsexualism, after sex reassignment, have considerably higher risks for mortality, suicidal behaviour, and psychiatric morbidity than the general population. Our findings suggest that sex reassignment, although alleviating gender dysphoria, may not suffice as treatment for transsexualism, and should inspire improved psychiatric and somatic care after sex reassignment for this patient group.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                albacete
                Revista Clínica de Medicina de Familia
                Rev Clin Med Fam
                Sociedad Española de Medicina de Familia y Comunitaria (Barcelona, Cataluña, Spain )
                1699-695X
                2386-8201
                2023
                : 16
                : 3
                : 274-279
                Affiliations
                [3] Villajoyosa Alicante orgnameHospital de la Marina Baixa orgdiv1Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición España
                [2] Valencia orgnameUnidad de Identidad de Género orgdiv1Centro de Salud Sexual y Reproductiva Fuente San Lui España
                [1] Valencia orgnameUnidad de Identidad de Género orgdiv1Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset orgdiv2Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición España
                Article
                S1699-695X2023000300006 S1699-695X(23)01600300006
                10.55783/rcmf.160306
                7abf6c6b-855c-494f-b756-5a5fa758157a

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 02 February 2023
                : 10 June 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Originales

                adultos transgénero,Transgender Health,Psychosexual Health,Old Transgender,Transgender Adults,Primary Health Care,Cardiovascular Risk,salud transgénero,salud psicosexual,tercera edad,Atención Primaria,riesgo cardiovascular

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