A new consensus for Trypanosoma cruzi intraspecific nomenclature: second revision meeting recommends TcI to TcVI

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Abstract

In an effort to unify the nomenclature of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, an updated system was agreed upon at the Second Satellite Meeting. A consensus was reached that T. cruzi strains should be referred to by six discrete typing units (T. cruzi I-VI). The goal of a unified nomenclature is to improve communication within the scientific community involved in T. cruzi research. The justification and implications will be presented in a subsequent detailed report.

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Most cited references 35

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Genotyping of Trypanosoma cruzi: systematic selection of assays allowing rapid and accurate discrimination of all known lineages.

Jonathan Ma, Martin Llewellyn, Paul Lewis … (2009)

Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas disease, can be subdivided into six discrete typing units (DTUs), TcI, TcIIa, TcIIb, TcIIc, TcIId or TcIIe, each having distinct epidemiologically important features. Dozens of genetic markers are available to determine the DTU to which a T. cruzi isolate belongs, but there is no consensus on which should be used. We selected five assays: three polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphisms based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the HSP60, Histone H1, and GPI loci, and PCR product size polymorphism of the LSU rDNA and mini-exon loci. Each assay was tested for its capacity to differentiate between DTUs using a panel of 48 genetically diverse T. cruzi clones. Some markers allowed unequivocal identification of individual DTUs, however, only by using a combination of multiple markers could all six DTUs be resolved. Based upon the results we recommend a triple-assay comprising the LSU rDNA, HSP60 and GPI markers for reliable, rapid, low-cost DTU assignment.

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Biodemes and zymodemes of Trypanosoma cruzi strains: correlations with clinical data and experimental pathology

Sonia ANDRADE, Juracy Magalhães (1997)

With the objective of establishing biological and biochemical characteristics of a significant number of Trypanosoma cruzi strains from different geographical areas, 138 strains isolated from naturally infected humans, triatomine or vertebrate hosts were studied; 120 were isolated from different areas of Brazil and 18 from other South and Central American countries. Inocula from triatomine or culture forms were injected into suckling Swiss mice, followed by passages into mice 10 to 12 g. Biological characters and histopathological study permitted the inclusion of the strains into three Types or biodemes: I, II, III. Isoenzymic analysis confirmed a correspondence between the biodemes and zymodemes : Type I and Z2b, Type II and Z2, Type III and Z1. Results showed the ubiquitary distribution of the several types of strains. The predominance of the same Type and zymodeme in one geographical area was confirmed : Type II strains among the human cases from eastern Bahia and east of Goiás; Type III strains from humans of north Brazil and Central America and from silvatic vectors or vertebrates from other geographical areas. The biological types of strains correlate with different histopathological lesions considering cardiac involvement and neuronal lesions. These findings suggest that the biological behavior together with isoenzymes patterns and pathological pictures in the vertebrate host can be an important tool for establishing correlations between strains behavior and clinico-pathological manifestations of Chagas' disease in different geographical areas.

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Do radically dissimilar Trypanosoma cruzi strains (zymodemes) cause Venezuelan and Brazilian forms of Chagas' disease?

Jody Winter, Marinete Póvoa, V Macêdo … (1981)

316 isolates of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative organism of Chagas' disease, were collected from three geographical areas: Venezuela, where Chagas' disease does not cause megacardia, megaoesophagus, and megacolon; the Brazilian Amazon basin, where T. cruzi is silvatic and human infection is rare; and central and eastern Brazil, where T. cruzi infection is commonly associated with "mega" syndromes. The distribution in these regions of three radically dissimilar enzymic strains or "zymodemes" of T. cruzi (Z1, Z2, and Z3) was compared. Endemic Chagas' disease in Venezuela ws predominantly due to T. cruzi Z1 and rarely to T. cruzi Z3. T. cruzi Z1 and Z3 also caused the sporadic cases of Chagas' disease in the Brazilian Amazon basin. A quite distinct T. cruzi zymodeme, Z2, not found in either Venezuela or the Amazon basin, was isolated from the vast majority of patients in central and eastern Brazil. These observations suggest that different aetiological agents might account for the difference between the Venezuelan and Brazilian forms of Chagas' disease.

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Author and article information

Contributors

B Zingales: Role: ND

SG Andrade: Role: ND

MRS Briones: Role: ND

DA Campbell: Role: ND

E Chiari: Role: ND

O Fernandes: Role: ND

F Guhl: Role: ND

E Lages-Silva: Role: ND

AM Macedo: Role: ND

CR Machado: Role: ND

MA Miles: Role: ND

AJ Romanha: Role: ND

NR Sturm: Role: ND

M Tibayrenc: Role: ND

AG Schijman: Role: ND

Journal

Journal ID (publisher): mioc

Title: Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

Abbreviated Title: Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

Publisher: Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde (Rio de Janeiro )

ISSN: 1678-8060

Publication date (Print): November 2009

Volume: 104

Issue: 7

Pages: 1051-1054

Affiliations

[1 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil

[2 ] Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz Brasil

[3 ] Universidade Federal de São Paulo Brazil

[4 ] University of California USA

[5 ] Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz Brasil

[6 ] Universidad de los Andes Colombia

[7 ] Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro Brazil

[8 ] Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Brazil

[9 ] London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine UK

[10 ] UMR France

[11 ] Instituto de Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular Argentina

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Publisher ID: S0074-02762009000700021

DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02762009000700021

PubMed ID: 20027478

SO-VID: 7ada326d-d33f-4b95-90b2-46008cc62d95

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Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0074-0276&lng=en

A new consensus for Trypanosoma cruzi intraspecific nomenclature: second revision meeting recommends TcI to TcVI

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Most cited references 35

Genotyping of Trypanosoma cruzi: systematic selection of assays allowing rapid and accurate discrimination of all known lineages.

Biodemes and zymodemes of Trypanosoma cruzi strains: correlations with clinical data and experimental pathology

Do radically dissimilar Trypanosoma cruzi strains (zymodemes) cause Venezuelan and Brazilian forms of Chagas' disease?

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