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      Calculation and simulation of ammonoid hydrostatics

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      Paleobiology
      Cambridge University Press (CUP)

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          Abstract

          The buoyancy, stability, and orientation of a shelled cephalopod in water are the predictable products of shell geometry, body chamber length, and such physical parameters as shell, tissue, and water densities. Given such physical characteristics as shell geometry, shell, tissue, and water densities, and shell thickness, the hydrostatic characteristics of planispiral shelled cephalopods, including orientation, centers of mass and buoyancy, stability, and neutrally buoyant body chamber length, can be calculated and simulated using microcomputer-based techniques. Individual variables such as geometry, body chamber length, and shell thickness are linked in a calculable manner to orientation, neutral buoyancy, and stability. LivingNautilusprovides a means of testing the model and for making hydrostatic comparisons between ammonoids and nautiloids. The close agreement between calculated versus observed body chamber lengths in five species of Mississippian ammonoids shows that neutral buoyancy, and (with one exception)Nautilus-like orientations, were at least feasible for these species.

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          Visualization of an Oxygen-deficient Bottom Water Circulation in Osaka Bay, Japan

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            On the buoyancy of the pearly nautilus

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              Morphology and morphologic diversity of mid-Carboniferous (Namurian) ammonoids in time and space

              Morphologic analysis of 281 species of ammonoids from Great Britain, the North American mid-continent, and the South Urals, at eight successive levels within the Namurian Series (ca. 18 Myr duration), using bivariate plots and principal-components analysis, permits definition of morphologic diversity and identification of morphotypic patterns in time and space. Namurian ammonoids exhibit the same general range of shell geometry that characterizes ammonoids as a whole; there were few post-Namurian innovations in the basic geometry of planispiral ammonoids. Within this overall range of geometry, there are eight preferred morphotypes: two were phylogenetically monopolized by long-ranging forms; three were generalized and reoccur in successive horizons; two others were homeomorphically utilized at different times by different lineages; and one represents morphologic innovation followed by radiation. Such patterns seem to represent combined effects of function, phylogeny, and ecology. Synchronous variations in isolated successions suggest global controls such as eustatic sea-level fluctuations, whereas provincial differences in diversity may be attributable to paleogeographic and ecologic factors. We predict that the Namurian record of ammonoid morphologic diversity and change will be found to be distinctive and differentiable from earlier and later intervals.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                applab
                Paleobiology
                Paleobiology
                Cambridge University Press (CUP)
                0094-8373
                1938-5331
                1986
                April 2016
                : 12
                : 01
                : 64-79
                Article
                10.1017/S0094837300002980
                7afaa503-1958-4d78-80c8-a1a5f0ba9683
                © 1986
                History

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