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      A review of the millipede genus Sinocallipus Zhang, 1993 (Diplopoda, Callipodida, Sinocallipodidae), with notes on gonopods monotony vs. peripheral diversity in millipedes

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          Abstract

          Abstract

          The millipede genus Sinocallipus is reviewed, with four new cave-dwelling species, Sinocallipus catba , Sinocallipus deharvengi , Sinocallipus jaegeri and Sinocallipus steineri , being described from caves in Laos and Vietnam. With the new records the number of species in the genus reaches six and the genus range is extended to Central Vietnam and North and Central Laos. Both, Sinocallipus jaegeri from Khammouan Province in Laos and Sinocallipus simplipodicus Zhang, 1993 from Yunnan, China, show high level of reduction of eyes, which has not been recorded in other Callipodida. Peripheral characters such as the relative lengths of antennomeres, the number of ocelli, the number of pleurotergites or even the shape of paraprocts and the coloration seem to provide more information for the distinction of the species than do the relatively uniform gonopods. The differences in gonopods mainly concern the shape and length of cannula, the length and shape of coxal processes g and k, and the number of the acicular projections of the femoroid. An explanation is offered for the function of the trochanteral lobe of 9th leg-pair. It provides mechanical support for the cannula and seems to assist sperm charge and insemination during copulation. An identification key to the species in the genus is produced to accommodate the new species. The new species descriptions were automatically exported at the time of publication to a wiki (www.species-id.net) through a specially designed software tool, the Pensoft Wiki Convertor (PWC), implemented here for the first time together with a newly proposed citation mechanism for simultaneous journal/wiki publications.

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          Cryptic speciation in the Anadenobolus excisus millipede species complex on the Island of Jamaica.

          Anadenobolus excisus is a large species of millipede endemic to the Caribbean Island of Jamaica. Initial detailed morphological studies showed little or no discrete variation across this species' distribution in somatic or, in particular. genitalic morphology. However, a molecular survey based on approximately 1000 base pairs of the mitochondrial (mtDNA) 16S rRNA gene that examines 242 individuals sampled from 54 localities reveals three highly divergent mtDNA lineages. A lack of discrete morphological differentiation suggests that genetic and morphological divergence may be decoupled, a pattern inconsistent with a number of evolutionary models. In contrast to minimal morphological divergence, size variation among mtDNA lineages suggests that character displacement has occurred and that these lineages are cohesive in sympatry. We conclude that A. excisus is actually a complex of three cryptic species and that morphological approaches to delineating millipede species may sometimes underestimate evolutionary diversity.
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            Interlinking journal and wiki publications through joint citation: Working examples from ZooKeys and Plazi on Species-ID

            Abstract Scholarly publishing and citation practices have developed largely in the absence of versioned documents. The digital age requires new practices to combine the old and the new. We describe how the original published source and a versioned wiki page based on it can be reconciled and combined into a single citation reference. We illustrate the citation mechanism by way of practical examples focusing on journal and wiki publishing of taxon treatments. Specifically, we discuss mechanisms for permanent cross-linking between the static original publication and the dynamic, versioned wiki, as well as for automated export of journal content to the wiki, to reduce the workload on authors, for combining the journal and the wiki citation and for integrating it with the attribution of wiki contributors.
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              An annotated world catalogue of the millipede order Callipodida (Arthropoda: Diplopoda)

              The paper presents the first world catalogue of the millipede order Callipodida (Diplopoda: Helminthomorpha). The order is currently known to comprise 3 suborders, 7 families, 35 valid (sub-)genera and 133 (sub-)species. Furthermore, 10 nominal species, whose taxonomic status has not been considered in any publications other than the first descriptions, are listed as species inquirenda. The synonymy of Paracortina wangi Stoev, 2004 under Angulifemur unidigitis Zhang, 1997 is formalized here. Given for each (sub-)species are the original description with author, year, pages and figures; complete chronological list of subsequent faunistic or taxonomic references; type material and, if known, current repository; type locality; species range; and sometimes additional remarks on its status or distribution. The relevant taxonomic and faunistic literature on Diplopoda was consulted to complete the data presented here. The species list is based on a species index card catalogue housed in the Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle in Paris (“Fichier iconographiqueBrolemann et successeurs”), with additions from the Zoological Record and various on-line resources. A bibliography containing 286 taxonomic references relevant to the Callipodida is included.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                URI : urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:333ECF33-329C-4BC2-BD6A-8D98F6E340D4
                URI : urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:9B9D901F-D6C8-4BCA-B11B-CF6EE85B16DC
                Journal
                Zookeys
                ZooKeys
                ZooKeys
                Pensoft Publishers
                1313-2989
                1313-2970
                2011
                14 April 2011
                : 90
                : 13-34
                Affiliations
                [1 ]National Museum of Natural History, 1, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd, 1000 Sofia and Pensoft Publishers, 13a, Geo Milev Str., 1111 Sofia, Bulgaria
                [2 ]Natural History Museum of Denmark (Zoological Museum), University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 København Ø, Denmark
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Pavel Stoev ( pavel.e.stoev@ 123456gmail.com ).

                Academic editor: Robert Mesibov

                Article
                10.3897/zookeys.90.1291
                3084490
                21594105
                7b02ef0d-e71c-4eab-9ebf-c7f98ca76ed9
                Pavel Stoev, Henrik Enghoff

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 21 March 2011
                : 29 March 2011
                Categories
                Article

                Animal science & Zoology
                pensoft wiki convertor,caves,southeast asia,troglomorphism,gonopod monotony,identification key,functional anatomy,sinocallipus

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