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      Genome-wide identification of gene expression in contrasting maize inbred lines under field drought conditions reveals the significance of transcription factors in drought tolerance

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          Abstract

          Drought is a major threat to maize growth and production. Understanding the molecular regulation network of drought tolerance in maize is of great importance. In this study, two maize inbred lines with contrasting drought tolerance were tested in the field under natural soil drought and well-watered conditions. In addition, the transcriptomes of their leaves was analyzed by RNA-Seq. In total, 555 and 2,558 genes were detected to specifically respond to drought in the tolerant and the sensitive line, respectively, with a more positive regulation tendency in the tolerant genotype. Furthermore, 4,700, 4,748, 4,403 and 4,288 genes showed differential expression between the two lines under moderate drought, severe drought and their well-watered controls, respectively. Transcription factors were enriched in both genotypic differentially expressed genes and specifically responsive genes of the tolerant line. It was speculated that the genotype-specific response of 20 transcription factors in the tolerance line and the sustained genotypically differential expression of 22 transcription factors might enhance tolerance to drought in maize. Our results provide new insight into maize drought tolerance-related regulation systems and provide gene resources for subsequent studies and drought tolerance improvement.

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          Heat-shock proteins, molecular chaperones, and the stress response: evolutionary and ecological physiology.

          M. FEDER, G. E. Hofmann (1999)
          Molecular chaperones, including the heat-shock proteins (Hsps), are a ubiquitous feature of cells in which these proteins cope with stress-induced denaturation of other proteins. Hsps have received the most attention in model organisms undergoing experimental stress in the laboratory, and the function of Hsps at the molecular and cellular level is becoming well understood in this context. A complementary focus is now emerging on the Hsps of both model and nonmodel organisms undergoing stress in nature, on the roles of Hsps in the stress physiology of whole multicellular eukaryotes and the tissues and organs they comprise, and on the ecological and evolutionary correlates of variation in Hsps and the genes that encode them. This focus discloses that (a) expression of Hsps can occur in nature, (b) all species have hsp genes but they vary in the patterns of their expression, (c) Hsp expression can be correlated with resistance to stress, and (d) species' thresholds for Hsp expression are correlated with levels of stress that they naturally undergo. These conclusions are now well established and may require little additional confirmation; many significant questions remain unanswered concerning both the mechanisms of Hsp-mediated stress tolerance at the organismal level and the evolutionary mechanisms that have diversified the hsp genes.
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            Gene networks involved in drought stress response and tolerance.

            Kazuo Shinozaki, Kazuko Yamaguchi-Shinozaki (2007)
            Plants respond to survive under water-deficit conditions via a series of physiological, cellular, and molecular processes culminating in stress tolerance. Many drought-inducible genes with various functions have been identified by molecular and genomic analyses in Arabidopsis, rice, and other plants, including a number of transcription factors that regulate stress-inducible gene expression. The products of stress-inducible genes function both in the initial stress response and in establishing plant stress tolerance. In this short review, recent progress resulting from analysis of gene expression during the drought-stress response in plants as well as in elucidating the functions of genes implicated in the stress response and/or stress tolerance are summarized. A description is also provided of how various genes involved in stress tolerance were applied in genetic engineering of dehydration stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis plants.
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              Plant hormone-mediated regulation of stress responses

              Vivek Verma, Pratibha Ravindran, Prakash Kumar (2016)
              Background Being sessile organisms, plants are often exposed to a wide array of abiotic and biotic stresses. Abiotic stress conditions include drought, heat, cold and salinity, whereas biotic stress arises mainly from bacteria, fungi, viruses, nematodes and insects. To adapt to such adverse situations, plants have evolved well-developed mechanisms that help to perceive the stress signal and enable optimal growth response. Phytohormones play critical roles in helping the plants to adapt to adverse environmental conditions. The elaborate hormone signaling networks and their ability to crosstalk make them ideal candidates for mediating defense responses. Results Recent research findings have helped to clarify the elaborate signaling networks and the sophisticated crosstalk occurring among the different hormone signaling pathways. In this review, we summarize the roles of the major plant hormones in regulating abiotic and biotic stress responses with special focus on the significance of crosstalk between different hormones in generating a sophisticated and efficient stress response. We divided the discussion into the roles of ABA, salicylic acid, jasmonates and ethylene separately at the start of the review. Subsequently, we have discussed the crosstalk among them, followed by crosstalk with growth promoting hormones (gibberellins, auxins and cytokinins). These have been illustrated with examples drawn from selected abiotic and biotic stress responses. The discussion on seed dormancy and germination serves to illustrate the fine balance that can be enforced by the two key hormones ABA and GA in regulating plant responses to environmental signals. Conclusions The intricate web of crosstalk among the often redundant multitudes of signaling intermediates is just beginning to be understood. Future research employing genome-scale systems biology approaches to solve problems of such magnitude will undoubtedly lead to a better understanding of plant development. Therefore, discovering additional crosstalk mechanisms among various hormones in coordinating growth under stress will be an important theme in the field of abiotic stress research. Such efforts will help to reveal important points of genetic control that can be useful to engineer stress tolerant crops.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Prasanta K. Subudhi: Role: Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS ONE
                Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
                Journal ID (pmc): plosone
                Title: PLoS ONE
                Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1932-6203
                Publication date (Electronic): 12 July 2017
                Publication date Collection: 2017
                Volume: 12
                Issue: 7
                Electronic Location Identifier: e0179477
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
                [2 ] Institute of Grain Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
                Louisiana State University College of Agriculture, UNITED STATES
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                • Conceptualization: YL TYW.

                • Formal analysis: XJZ XYL.

                • Funding acquisition: YL TYW.

                • Investigation: XJZ XYL DFZ HJT BCS CHL LYH CL YXL YSS XQX YCS.

                • Project administration: YL TYW.

                • Supervision: YL TYW.

                • Visualization: XJZ XYL.

                • Writing – original draft: XJZ XYL.

                • Writing – review & editing: YL TYW DFZ XJZ XYL.

                Article
                Publisher ID: PONE-D-16-49498
                DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179477
                PMC ID: 5507481
                PubMed ID: 28700592
                SO-VID: 7b2b39ee-e263-4434-a074-06b5a6e5a645
                Copyright © © 2017 Zhang et al
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date received : 14 December 2016
                Date accepted : 31 May 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 7, Tables: 3, Pages: 24
                Funding
                Funded by: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (the “Innovation Program”)
                Award ID: 1610092016208
                Award Recipient :
                This work was supported by Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (the “Innovation Program”, 1610092016208).
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Plant Science
                Subject: Plant Physiology
                Subject: Plant Defenses
                Subject: Plant Resistance to Abiotic Stress
                Subject: Drought Adaptation
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Plant Science
                Subject: Plant Pathology
                Subject: Plant Resistance to Abiotic Stress
                Subject: Drought Adaptation
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Ecology
                Subject: Plant Ecology
                Subject: Plant-Environment Interactions
                Subject: Plant Resistance to Abiotic Stress
                Subject: Drought Adaptation
                Subject: Ecology and Environmental Sciences
                Subject: Ecology
                Subject: Plant Ecology
                Subject: Plant-Environment Interactions
                Subject: Plant Resistance to Abiotic Stress
                Subject: Drought Adaptation
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Plant Science
                Subject: Plant Ecology
                Subject: Plant-Environment Interactions
                Subject: Plant Resistance to Abiotic Stress
                Subject: Drought Adaptation
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Genetics
                Subject: Gene Expression
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Cell Biology
                Subject: Cell Processes
                Subject: Cellular Stress Responses
                Subject: Research and Analysis Methods
                Subject: Experimental Organism Systems
                Subject: Model Organisms
                Subject: Maize
                Subject: Research and Analysis Methods
                Subject: Model Organisms
                Subject: Maize
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Organisms
                Subject: Plants
                Subject: Grasses
                Subject: Maize
                Subject: Research and Analysis Methods
                Subject: Experimental Organism Systems
                Subject: Plant and Algal Models
                Subject: Maize
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Genetics
                Subject: Gene Expression
                Subject: Gene Regulation
                Subject: Biology and life sciences
                Subject: Biochemistry
                Subject: Proteins
                Subject: DNA-binding proteins
                Subject: Transcription Factors
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Genetics
                Subject: Gene Expression
                Subject: Gene Regulation
                Subject: Transcription Factors
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Biochemistry
                Subject: Proteins
                Subject: Regulatory Proteins
                Subject: Transcription Factors
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Plant Science
                Subject: Plant Physiology
                Subject: Plant Defenses
                Subject: Plant Resistance to Abiotic Stress
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Plant Science
                Subject: Plant Pathology
                Subject: Plant Resistance to Abiotic Stress
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Ecology
                Subject: Plant Ecology
                Subject: Plant-Environment Interactions
                Subject: Plant Resistance to Abiotic Stress
                Subject: Ecology and Environmental Sciences
                Subject: Ecology
                Subject: Plant Ecology
                Subject: Plant-Environment Interactions
                Subject: Plant Resistance to Abiotic Stress
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Plant Science
                Subject: Plant Ecology
                Subject: Plant-Environment Interactions
                Subject: Plant Resistance to Abiotic Stress
                Subject: Ecology and Environmental Sciences
                Subject: Drought
                Custom metadata
                Data Availability All relevant data are within the paper, its Supporting Information files, and the RNA-Seq data have deposited in NCBI Sequence Read Archive (SRA, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra), under accession number SRP102142.

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                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized

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