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      Análisis de variables emocionales y neuropsicológicas en pacientes con TCA Translated title: Analysis of emotional and neuropsychological variables in patients with eating disorders

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Introducción. Los Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria (TCA) son un conjunto de enfermedades psiquiátricas que se presentan a través de un comportamiento alimentario gravemente alterado así como por pensamientos y emociones asociados. En este estudio se miden variables neuropsicológicas y emocionales así como el comportamiento alimentario en una muestra de individuos con TCA e individuos sanos. Material y métodos. La muestra se encuentra formada por 88 participantes de sexo femenino, 39 de ellas con diagnóstico de TCA (grupo TCA, GTCA), y 49 sin TCA (grupo control, GCTRL) con una edad comprendida entre los 13 y 25 años. Se han empleado pruebas como el DEX o el EDI-3 para evaluar variables como la impulsividad y el comportamiento alimentario entre otras. Resultados y discusión. El GTCA mostró una obsesión por la delgadez (p<0,034) e insatisfacción corporal (p<0,02) superior al GCTRL así como una menor velocidad de procesamiento. En las variables emocionales, se observó un mayor grado depresivo y estado apático. Pacientes con un IMC menor a 18,5 presentaron mayores niveles de ansiedad, menor coherencia central y mayor estado depresivo. El análisis de correlaciones mostró que a mayor nivel de depresión, mayor apatía e impulsividad así como alteraciones en el comportamiento alimentario, memoria, atención y flexibilidad cognitiva. Conclusiones. Los pacientes con TCA presentan estados emocionales más vulnerables donde destacan la depresión, la apatía y la impulsividad. La coordinación motora, velocidad de procesamiento y el procesamiento visoespacial se han correlacionado también con peores resultados cuanto mayores fueran los estados depresivos y la impulsividad.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Introduction: Eating disorders (TEA) are a set of psychiatric illnesses that occur through severely altered eating behaviour as well as associated thoughts and emotions. In this study, neuropsychological and emotional variables are measured, as well as eating behaviour in a sample of individuals with eating disorders and healthy individuals. Material and methods: The sample consisted of 88 female participants, 39 of them with eating disorders (TEA group, GTCA), and 49 without eating disorders (control group, GCTRL) with an age between 13 and 25 years. It has been used test such as DEX or EDI-3 to evaluate variables such as impulsivity and eating behaviour, among others. Results and discussion: The GTCA showed an obsession with thinness (p<0.034) and body dissatisfaction (p<0.02) higher than the GCTRL as well as a lower processing speed. In emotional variables, a higher degree of depression and apathetic state were observed. Patients with a BMI less than 18.5 presented higher levels of anxiety, lower central coherence and greater depressive state, so that the lower the weight, the worse the results. The correlation analysis showed that higher the level of depression, the higher the apathy and impulsivity, as well as alterations in eating behaviour, memory, attention and cognitive flexibility. Conclusions: Patients with eating disorders present more vulnerable emotional states where depression, apathy and impulsiveness stand out. Motor coordination, processing speed and visuospatial processing have also been correlated with worse results the greater the depressive states and impulsivity.

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          Most cited references64

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          Epidemiology of eating disorders in Europe: prevalence, incidence, comorbidity, course, consequences, and risk factors.

          Eating disorders - anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder - affect numerous Europeans. This narrative review summarizes European studies on their prevalence, incidence, comorbidity, course, consequences, and risk factors published in 2015 and the first half of 2016.
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            Anorexia nervosa: aetiology, assessment, and treatment

            Anorexia nervosa is an important cause of physical and psychosocial morbidity. Recent years have brought advances in understanding of the underlying psychobiology that contributes to illness onset and maintenance. Genetic factors influence risk, psychosocial and interpersonal factors can trigger onset, and changes in neural networks can sustain the illness. Substantial advances in treatment, particularly for adolescent patients with anorexia nervosa, point to the benefits of specialised family-based interventions. Adults with anorexia nervosa too have a realistic chance of achieving recovery or at least substantial improvement, but no specific approach has shown clear superiority, suggesting a combination of re-nourishment and anorexia nervosa-specific psychotherapy is most effective. To successfully fight this enigmatic illness, we have to enhance understanding of the underlying biological and psychosocial mechanisms, improve strategies for prevention and early intervention, and better target our treatments through improved understanding of specific disease mechanisms.
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              The cognitive-interpersonal maintenance model of anorexia nervosa revisited: a summary of the evidence for cognitive, socio-emotional and interpersonal predisposing and perpetuating factors

              Aim To describe the evidence base relating to the Cognitive-Interpersonal Maintenance Model for anorexia nervosa (AN). Background A Cognitive-Interpersonal Maintenance Model maintenance model for anorexia nervosa was described in 2006. This model proposed that cognitive, socio-emotional and interpersonal elements acted together to both cause and maintain eating disorders. Method A review of the empirical literature relating to the key constructs of the model (cognitive, socio-emotional, interpersonal) risk and maintaining factors for anorexia nervosa was conducted. Results Set shifting and weak central coherence (associated with obsessive compulsive traits) have been widely studied. There is some evidence to suggest that a strong eye for detail and weak set shifting are inherited vulnerabilities to AN. Set shifting and global integration are impaired in the ill state and contribute to weak central coherence. In addition, there are wide-ranging impairments in socio-emotional processing including: an automatic bias in attention towards critical and domineering faces and away from compassionate faces; impaired signalling of, interpretation and regulation of emotions. Difficulties in social cognition may in part be a consequence of starvation but inherited vulnerabilities may also contribute to these traits. The shared familial traits may accentuate family members’ tendency to react to the frustrating and frightening symptoms of AN with high expressed emotion (criticism, hostility, overprotection), and inadvertently perpetuate the problem. Conclusion The cognitive interpersonal model is supported by accumulating evidence. The model is complex in that cognitive and socio-emotional factors both predispose to the illness and are exaggerated in the ill state. Furthermore, some of the traits are inherited vulnerabilities and are present in family members. The clinical formulations from the model are described as are new possibilities for targeted treatment.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                jonnpr
                Journal of Negative and No Positive Results
                JONNPR
                Research and Science S.L. (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                2529-850X
                March 2023
                : 8
                : 1
                : 486-506
                Affiliations
                [2] Andalucía orgnameUniversidad Pablo de Olavide Spain
                [1] orgnameInstituto Hispalense de Pediatría
                Article
                S2529-850X2023000100005 S2529-850X(23)00800100005
                10.19230/jonnpr.4910
                7b53367a-79e8-4f12-adaa-c5b2bb3989ed

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 18 December 2022
                : 07 October 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 64, Pages: 21
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Original

                Nutritional behaviour,Neuropsychological variables,Anorexia nerviosa,Emotional variables,Bulimia nervosa,Anorexia nervosa,TCA,TEA,Comportamiento nutricional,Variables neuropsicológicas,Variables emocionales,Bulimia nerviosa

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